Gi\u1ea5y nh\u00e1m 3M<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebf b\u0103ng gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t do nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m t\u0103ng. \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a mi\u1ebfng x\u1ed1p v\u1ea3i gi\u1ea5y nh\u00e1m cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi gi\u1ea5y nh\u00e1m x\u1ed1p gi\u1ea5y. nhi\u1ec1u. Trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho gi\u1ea5y nh\u00e1m x\u1ed1p 3m<\/strong><\/em><\/span> l\u00e0 alumina, silicon cacbua, nh\u00f4m zirconia, granat, v\u00e0 c\u00e1t th\u1ee7y tinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i cho gi\u1ea5y nh\u00e1m th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/p>\nTh\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 da c\u00e1t. M\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0i. D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0i kim lo\u1ea1i, g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c gi\u00fap ch\u00fang tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1eb5n v\u00e0 m\u1ecbn. <\/span>N\u0103m 1921, C\u00f4ng ty 3M c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y nh\u00e1m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (Wet-or-dry, t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbt v\u00e0 kh\u00f4) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb l\u1edbp n\u1ec1n ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0i trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n s\u01a1n m\u00e0i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y.<\/span><\/p>\nGi\u1ea5y nh\u00e1m c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 dai, ch\u1ecbu m\u00e0i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft d\u00ednh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0i m\u00f2n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1t qu\u1eb7ng v\u00e0o gi\u1ea5y n\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh nh\u01b0 keo nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0 l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng r\u1eafn. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i kh\u00e1c nhau d\u00e1n v\u00e0o gi\u1ea5y n\u1ec1n.<\/span><\/p>\nTheo c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u00e0i m\u00f2n kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y nh\u00e1m, gi\u1ea5y nh\u00e1m nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, gi\u1ea5y nh\u00e1m th\u1ee7y tinh, v.v. Gi\u1ea5y nh\u00e1m kh\u00f4 (gi\u1ea5y nh\u00e1m g\u1ed7) d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t g\u1ed7, tre, n\u1ee9a. Gi\u1ea5y nh\u00e1m ch\u1ecbu n\u01b0\u1edbc (gi\u1ea5y nh\u00e1m n\u01b0\u1edbc) d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00f4i kim lo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c phi kim lo\u1ea1i trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u.<\/span><\/p>\n