In nh\u00e3n d\u00e1n<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\nM\u00e1y in nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00e1y in t\u1ef1 d\u00ednh l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 in tem nh\u00e3n, nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u. S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb in nh\u00e3n d\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp thu th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt in v\u00e0 sau in kh\u00e1c nhau, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e3n. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y in nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/span>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y in nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u, in nh\u00e3n d\u00e1n Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh:<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n1. C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng minh<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y in k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 in phun cho m\u00e1y in nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 linh ho\u1ea1t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u00f3m m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb cao c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ecdi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u1edf c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n2. M\u00e1y quay t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 in nhanh<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\nM\u00e1y in phun \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt qu\u00e9t duy nh\u1ea5t, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 in c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y in nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c m\u00e1y in k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y in phun s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n n\u1eefa trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m t\u1edbi v\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong Trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ea7n, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 in c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y in truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi chi ph\u00ed t\u0103ng l\u00ean kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y \u00e9p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c, r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 in, ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u.<\/span><\/p>\n3. Chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u1ea5p<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u00f9ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng\u2026 gi\u00e1 m\u00e1y in nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n m\u00e1y \u00e9p m\u1ef1c in k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1eadt t\u01b0 ti\u00eau hao quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y in phun l\u00e0 m\u1ef1c in. , v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi m\u1ef1c in v\u00e0 m\u1ef1c in. Khi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng tia UV ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, gi\u00e1 m\u1ef1c s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y in phun c\u0169ng s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n.<\/span><\/p>\nIn nh\u00e3n d\u00e1n cu\u1ed9n<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\nQu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh in nh\u00e3n d\u00e1n:<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\nCu\u1ed9n gi\u1ea5y b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t in \u2192 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t \u2192 l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 d\u00ednh \u2192 l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 \u2193 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u2192 K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u2192 in \u2192 c\u1eaft khu\u00f4n \u2192 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m.<\/span><\/p>\nPh\u00e1t h\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9n gi\u1ea5y n\u1ec1n \u2192 phun m\u00e0ng polyetylen \u2192 ch\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 \u2192 l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 \u2192 h\u00f3a d\u1ebbo<\/span><\/p>\nGi\u1ea5y b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t in th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb 90-100 gam gi\u1ea5y tr\u00e1ng. Sau khi ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 d\u00ednh, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t m\u00e9t m\u1ed9t ph\u00fat \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 80 \u00b0 C. Sau khi ch\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t m\u00e9t m\u1ed9t ph\u00fat \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 120 \u00b0 C v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi gi\u1ea5y b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t in.<\/span><\/p>\nT\u1ea5m in l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m nh\u1ef1a c\u1ea3m quang letterpress, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y in nh\u00e3n t\u1ef1 d\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. N\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p in kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n v\u00e0 \u00e9p ph\u1eb3ng. C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a phim, c\u1eaft ngang, cu\u1ed9n l\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 c\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/span><\/p>\nKhi m\u00e1y \u0111ang in, chi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea5y kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u quay c\u1ee7a tr\u1ee5 in c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y in c\u00f9ng c\u1ea5p. Gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di chuy\u1ec3n theo tr\u1ee5c trong c\u00e1c tab.<\/span><\/p>\nH\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u0129a quay vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ea1p gi\u1ea5y. M\u1ed7i khi gi\u1ea5y di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 nh\u1ea3y tr\u00ean b\u00e0n in, h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u0129a s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng qua l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi in nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u, gi\u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n tr\u00ean b\u00e0n in \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c in \u0111\u00e8, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e9p kim, c\u00e1n m\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u1eaft b\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\nC\u1eaft b\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u1eaft theo h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ebf l\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ph\u1eb3ng ph\u1eb3ng, chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a b\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u1eaft l\u1edbp gi\u1ea5y th\u00e1o ra m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u1eaft l\u1edbp gi\u1ea5y b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t in n\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m sau khi in v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cu\u1ed9n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. v\u00e0 c\u1eaft, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c b\u00f3c v\u00e0 d\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/span><\/p>\nKhi d\u00e1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n x\u00e9 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 d\u00e1n h\u00ecnh logo l\u00ean s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u00e9 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n, d\u00ednh ch\u1eafc, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng linh ho\u1ea1t, kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a khi x\u00e9, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u, b\u1ea3ng hi\u1ec7u, nh\u00e3n m\u00e1c…<\/span><\/p>\nNh\u00e3n d\u00e1n bao b\u00ec<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\nNh\u1eefng l\u01b0u \u00fd v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y in nh\u00e3n d\u00e1n<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\nT\u00f3m t\u1eaft: C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1ecf trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y in nh\u00e3n t\u1ef1 d\u00ednh m\u1edbi mua, nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng th\u1eafc m\u1eafc li\u1ec7u m\u00e1y c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay kh\u00f4ng, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u00e1y in tem nh\u00e3n t\u1ef1 d\u00ednh m\u1edbi mua v\u1ec1 s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c nh\u1ecf khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng th\u1eafc m\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00e1y c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay kh\u00f4ng, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3. <\/span><\/p>\nV\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u00e1y in nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, t\u1ea1i sao \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ebd c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 in \u1ea5n khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u00fac n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 in \u1ea5n”, ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t, v\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 in c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y m\u1edbi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nIn nh\u00e3n d\u00e1n d\u1ea1ng t\u1edd<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/span>Nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 in tem nh\u00e3n Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh?<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n1. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\nY\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 do m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. B\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c r\u1ea5t cao, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3ng r\u1eafn c\u1ee7a m\u1ef1c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh in t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y s\u1ea5y UV c\u0169ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 in s\u1ebd l\u00fac n\u00e0y b\u1ecb nh\u00f2e v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 kh\u00f4 sau khi in. N\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n gi\u1eef cho kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t x\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00e9p k\u00edn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1ee5i v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong nh\u00e0 x\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft.<\/span><\/p>\n2. D\u1ea7u \u0111en<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\nM\u1ef1c in l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 in \u1ea5n, n\u1ebfu ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i m\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i m\u1ef1c k\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 in t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. Hi\u1ec7n nay tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i m\u1ef1c k\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u1ed1t. m\u1ef1c in r\u1ebb h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng m\u00e1y m\u00f3c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe t\u1ed1t, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 90 # x\u0103ng. T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi x\u0103ng 93 # ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng x\u0103ng 93 # l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u0169ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1.<\/span><\/p>\n3. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\nY\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u01b0a quen v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n s\u1ed1 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp th\u00f4ng qua d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u01b0a quen v\u1edbi thao t\u00e1c ch\u01b0a quen d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn in nh\u1ea7m ch\u1ed7 ho\u1eb7c c\u1eaft gi\u1ea5y. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p, v\u00ec v\u1eady tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi mua m\u00e1y ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u k\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u00e1y d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n t\u1ef1 d\u00ednh s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u1edf l\u1ea1i Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/p>\nM\u00e1y b\u1ebf in nhanh laze<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/span>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ef1c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh in nh\u00e3n d\u00e1n<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\nM\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ef1c in l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 trong ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. V\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i m\u1ef1c n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p in kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u in kh\u00e1c nhau th\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn.<\/span><\/p>\nM\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ef1c in l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 trong ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. V\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i m\u1ef1c n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p in kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u in kh\u00e1c nhau th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/p>\nC\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ef1c in c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i m\u1ef1c c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 m\u1ef1c in m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. B\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf k\u1ebft d\u00ednh v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u, b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh in.<\/span><\/p>\n Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed1i b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m \u01b0\u1edbt v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh, sau \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf ra \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u cho ph\u00e9p, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y ra ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh bao quanh t\u1eebng h\u1ea1t s\u1eafc t\u1ed1. T\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh v\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t huy\u1ec1n ph\u00f9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/span><\/p>\nM\u00e1y b\u1ebf nh\u00e3n d\u00e1n<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/span>\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ef1c<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\nM\u1ef1c bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0u, ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh, ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n(1) S\u1eafc t\u1ed1<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\nB\u1ed9t m\u00e0u \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ef1c. B\u1ed9t m\u00e0u l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9t c\u00f3 m\u00e0u, \u0111en ho\u1eb7c tr\u1eafng, kh\u00f4ng tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 dung m\u00f4i h\u1eefu c\u01a1. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i: ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0u h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0u v\u00f4 c\u01a1.<\/span><\/p>\n\u2460 Ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0u h\u1eefu c\u01a1 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i: t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. Ng\u00e0y nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0u h\u1eefu c\u01a1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0u h\u1eefu c\u01a1, c\u00f3 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0u v\u00f4 c\u01a1. Thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 h\u00f2a tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi trong dung m\u00f4i h\u1eefu c\u01a1. <\/span><\/p>\nC\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a m\u00e0u kh\u00f4ng h\u00f2a tan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u h\u1ed3) \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ef1c in. B\u1ed9t m\u00e0u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ef1c in c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cao, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, \u0111\u1ed9 trong su\u1ed1t…C\u00e1c s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 t\u1ea1o m\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi m\u00e0u quang ph\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e3o h\u00f2a ph\u1ea3i c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. <\/span><\/p>\nC\u00e1c s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecf t\u01b0\u01a1i, l\u1ee5c lam v\u00e0 v\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ba lo\u1ea1i m\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 trong su\u1ed1t cao. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0u ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ed9n nhanh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh. S\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 d\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn. Ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0u t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t n\u00ean c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng ki\u1ec1m, kh\u00e1ng axit, b\u1ec1n c\u1ed3n v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\n\u2461 Ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0u v\u00f4 c\u01a1 l\u00e0 oxit c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0u ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1i kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng tan c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kim lo\u1ea1i. Ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0u v\u00f4 c\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0u v\u00f4 c\u01a1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0u v\u00f4 c\u01a1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o. Ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0u v\u00f4 c\u01a1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0u kho\u00e1ng.<\/span><\/p>\nM\u00e1y in nh\u00e3n d\u00e1n<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n(2) Bao b\u00ec<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\nCh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng, trong su\u1ed1t, m\u1edd ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ee5c. N\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7y v\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7y ph\u1ea7n b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u, v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ef1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ecfng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt c\u1ee7a m\u1ef1c m\u1ef1c. m\u1ef1c. T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c.<\/span><\/p>\n(3) V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\nCh\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ef1c in, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u, t\u1ea1o cho m\u1ef1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh, t\u00ednh l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n m\u00e0u th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ea3n in b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o m\u00e0ng sau khi in. Ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p m\u1ef1c. Ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt kh\u00f4 kh\u00e1c nhau, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh cho m\u1ef1c, d\u1ea7u kho\u00e1ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh, dung m\u00f4i v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00e1c mi\u1ebfng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. <\/span><\/p>\nV\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0u bi\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt, \u0111\u1ed9 trung t\u00ednh, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb axit, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t in c\u1ee7a m\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh, vui l\u00f2ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ef1c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh v\u1eabn l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i c\u0169 v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ef1c, do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu do ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u.<\/span><\/p>\n(4) V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ed5 sung<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\nC\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 in m\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u1ef1c. Khi m\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c pha ch\u1ebf theo th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u in do \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/span><\/p>\nC\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0: ch\u1ea5t h\u00fat \u1ea9m, ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4, ch\u1ea5t pha lo\u00e3ng, ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y, ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m d\u1ebbo…<\/span><\/p>\nC\u1eaft b\u1ebf nh\u00e3n m\u00e1c<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/span>Th\u1ee9 hai, lo\u1ea1i m\u1ef1c<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\nC\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i m\u1ef1c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch:<\/span><\/p>\n(1) Theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p in<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n\u2460 Theo \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh: in letterpress, in offset, in \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, in \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, m\u1ef1c in l\u1ee5a…<\/span><\/p>\n\u2461 Theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p in, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh in offset, in tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n(2) Theo \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ef1c:<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n\u2460Theo m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, c\u00f3: v\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ecf, xanh, tr\u1eafng, \u0111en, v\u00e0ng, b\u1ea1c, b\u1ed9t v\u00e0ng, m\u00e0u hu\u1ef3nh quang, m\u00e0u ng\u1ecdc trai…<\/span><\/p>\n\u2461 Theo ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh: m\u1ef1c t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, m\u1ef1c ch\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3, m\u1ef1c \u0103n, m\u1ef1c t\u1ea1o b\u1ecdt, m\u1ef1c th\u01a1m, m\u1ef1c ghi…<\/span><\/p>\n\u2462 Theo \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, bao g\u1ed3m: \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n dung m\u00f4i, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n m\u00e0i m\u00f2n, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n m\u1ef1c c\u1ed3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n(3) Theo th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ef1c<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n\u2460 Theo nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh: lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea7u kh\u00f4, lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea7u nh\u1ef1a, lo\u1ea1i dung m\u00f4i h\u1eefu c\u01a1, lo\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, lo\u1ea1i parafin, lo\u1ea1i ethylene glycol v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c<\/span><\/p>\n\u2461Theo h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, c\u00f3: gel, l\u1ecfng, b\u1ed9t m\u1ef1c.<\/span><\/p>\n(4) Theo v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u in<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\nT\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u in, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ef1c t\u1eeb gi\u1ea5y, kim lo\u1ea1i, nh\u1ef1a, v\u1ea3i\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n(5) Theo m\u1eabu kh\u00f4<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n\u2460Theo c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf l\u00e0m kh\u00f4, c\u00f3: lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp, lo\u1ea1i polyme h\u00f3a oxy h\u00f3a, lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 bay h\u01a1i, lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3ng r\u1eafn nh\u1eb9, lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3ng r\u1eafn b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t, lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3ng r\u1eafn l\u00e0m m\u00e1t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c<\/span><\/p>\n\u2461 Theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m kh\u00f4, c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng, lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 b\u1eb1ng tia h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i, lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 b\u1eb1ng tia c\u1ef1c t\u00edm, lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0m m\u00e1t…<\/span><\/p>\nM\u00e1y b\u1ebf nh\u00e3n d\u00e1n tem m\u00e1c<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/span>