{"id":3478,"date":"2022-07-12T15:22:00","date_gmt":"2022-07-12T08:22:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/?post_type=product&#038;p=3478"},"modified":"2023-06-06T16:27:39","modified_gmt":"2023-06-06T09:27:39","slug":"giay-my-thuat","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/giay-my-thuat\/","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u1ea5y m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt &#8211; Gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_27 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy counter-decimal ez-toc-grey\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"display: none;\"><label for=\"item\" aria-label=\"Table of Content\"><i class=\"ez-toc-glyphicon ez-toc-icon-toggle\"><\/i><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class=\"ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1\"><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/giay-my-thuat\/#Giay_my_thuat\" title=\"Gi\u1ea5y m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt\">Gi\u1ea5y m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/a><ul class=\"ez-toc-list-level-3\"><li class=\"ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/giay-my-thuat\/#Phan_loai_giay_my_thuat_-_giay_dac_biet\" title=\"Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt &#8211; gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\u00a0\">Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt &#8211; gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\u00a0<\/a><ul class=\"ez-toc-list-level-4\"><li class=\"ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/giay-my-thuat\/#So_tay_bia_cung\" title=\"S\u1ed5 tay b\u00eca c\u1ee9ng\">S\u1ed5 tay b\u00eca c\u1ee9ng<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/giay-my-thuat\/#Giay_van_hoa\" title=\"Gi\u1ea5y v\u0103n h\u00f3a\">Gi\u1ea5y v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/giay-my-thuat\/#Lop_giay_dong_goi\" title=\"L\u1edbp gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i\">L\u1edbp gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/giay-my-thuat\/#Giay_dong_goi_thuc_pham_dac_biet\" title=\"Gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t: \">Gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t: <\/a><ul class=\"ez-toc-list-level-4\"><li class=\"ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/giay-my-thuat\/#Mot_so_loai_giay_khac\" title=\"M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y kh\u00e1c\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y kh\u00e1c<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/giay-my-thuat\/#Vat_lieu_xay_dung\" title=\"V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng\">V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/giay-my-thuat\/#Giay_khong_chay\" title=\"Gi\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e1y.\">Gi\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e1y.<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/giay-my-thuat\/#Giay_noi_that_va_do_noi_that_bang_giay\" title=\"Gi\u1ea5y n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea5y\">Gi\u1ea5y n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea5y<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/giay-my-thuat\/#Lop_bao_ve\" title=\"L\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7:\">L\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7:<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/giay-my-thuat\/#Ung_dung_trong_nong_nghiep\" title=\"\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/giay-my-thuat\/#Giay_dung_trong_y_te\" title=\"Gi\u1ea5y d\u00f9ng trong y t\u1ebf\">Gi\u1ea5y d\u00f9ng trong y t\u1ebf<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/giay-my-thuat\/#Cac_danh_muc_khac_giay_khac\" title=\"C\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c gi\u1ea5y kh\u00e1c\">C\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c gi\u1ea5y kh\u00e1c<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/giay-my-thuat\/#Nganh_cong_nghiep_thuoc_la\" title=\"Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1\">Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giay_my_thuat\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #008000; font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>Gi\u1ea5y m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/strong><\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Gi\u1ea5y chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n. Gi\u1ea5y chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea5y m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n g\u1ecdi chung gi\u1ea5y d\u1eadp n\u1ed5i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn c\u1ee7a danh t\u1eeb do r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u0111a d\u1ea1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3480\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3480\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-3480 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/giay-my-thuat-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Gi\u1ea5y m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/giay-my-thuat-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/giay-my-thuat-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/giay-my-thuat-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/giay-my-thuat-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/giay-my-thuat-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/giay-my-thuat.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3480\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Gi\u1ea5y m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i kh\u00e1c nhau b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y gi\u1ea5y. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: s\u1ee3i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9t g\u1ed7 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra gi\u1ea5y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0: s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u1ec7n, b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, th\u00f4ng tin, quang h\u1ecdc, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn sinh h\u00f3a&#8230; Mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Xem th\u00eam: <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/giay-kraft\/\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Gi\u1ea5y Kraft<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>Gi\u1ea5y m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hay gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t bao g\u1ed3m:<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Gi\u1ea5y b\u00f4ng, gi\u1ea5y g\u1ea1o, gi\u1ea5y xen k\u1ebd, gi\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng b\u1ee5i, gi\u1ea5y th\u1ea5m d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1, gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ee5i, gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ec9, gi\u1ea5y b\u1ea1c, gi\u1ea5y l\u1ee5a, gi\u1ea5y in phun, gi\u1ea5y lau, gi\u1ea5y in nhi\u1ec7t, gi\u1ea5y can, gi\u1ea5y l\u1ecdc gi\u1ea5y, gi\u1ea5y Glyph, gi\u1ea5y th\u1ea5m d\u1ea7u. Gi\u1ea5y t\u00fai tr\u00e0, gi\u1ea5y nh\u00f4m, gi\u1ea5y sao ch\u00e9p, gi\u1ea5y ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, gi\u1ea5y shoji, gi\u1ea5y tho\u00e1ng kh\u00ed, gi\u1ea5y da, gi\u1ea5y than, gi\u1ea5y c\u1ea1nh th\u00f4. Gi\u1ea5y n\u1ec1n ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh, gi\u1ea5y sao ch\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng carbon, h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n gi\u1ea5y n\u1ec1n, c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng th\u1ee7y tinh, gi\u1ea5y l\u1ecdc c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh, gi\u1ea5y sinh l\u00fd, th\u1ebb thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, gi\u1ea5y th\u1ee7y tinh, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u bao ph\u1ee7 h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n, gi\u1ea5y b\u00eca melamine, gi\u1ea5y h\u00fat \u1ea9m, gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y, gi\u1ea5y ami\u0103ng, gi\u1ea5y h\u1eafc \u00edn, gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c, <span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><a style=\"color: #ff6600;\" href=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/giay-chong-am\/\">gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ed1ng \u1ea9m<\/a><\/span>, gi\u1ea5y d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n, gi\u1ea5y b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, gi\u1ea5y t\u00e1ch pin, gi\u1ea5y ch\u1eafn \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb, gi\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t, gi\u1ea5y l\u1ecdc \u00f4 t\u00f4, gi\u1ea5y l\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a, gi\u1ea5y l\u1ecdc kh\u1eed m\u00f9i, gi\u1ea5y y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh, bao thu\u1ed1c gi\u1ea5y, gi\u1ea5y v\u00f4 tr\u00f9ng. Ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n b\u0103ng y t\u1ebf, \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt, gi\u1ea5y m\u00e0i, gi\u1ea5y b\u00f4ng t\u1eb1m, gi\u1ea5y nong, gi\u1ea5y ph\u1ee7, gi\u1ea5y b\u00f3ng, gi\u1ea5y c\u00e2y con, gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ed1ng c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng, gi\u1ea5y ghi nh\u1ea1y \u00e1p. Gi\u1ea5y d\u00e0y b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in, gi\u1ea5y ghi nhi\u1ec7t, gi\u1ea5y ghi t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, b\u00eca c\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, gi\u1ea5y ghi chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t, gi\u1ea5y b\u00eca \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00e1c, gi\u1ea5y \u1ea3nh, gi\u1ea5y g\u01b0\u01a1ng, gi\u1ea5y in, d\u00e2y gi\u1ea5y, gi\u1ea5y axit sulfuric, gi\u1ea5y th\u01b0 ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 tranh v\u1ebd, gi\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m, gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ea3y m\u1ef1c, gi\u1ea5y m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m, gi\u1ea5y c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh enzym, gi\u1ea5y th\u1ea5m, gi\u1ea5y k\u00e9o s\u1ee3i&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">C\u00e1i t\u00ean &#8220;gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n&#8221; d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn sau nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb gi\u1ea5y sao ch\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 carbon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi National Cash Register Co. v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1945. Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tung ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, gi\u00fap m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i quan \u0111i\u1ec3m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea5y.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3481\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3481\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-3481 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/giay-dac-biet-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/giay-dac-biet-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/giay-dac-biet-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/giay-dac-biet-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/giay-dac-biet-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/giay-dac-biet-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/giay-dac-biet.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3481\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf s\u1ee3i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, v\u00e0 s\u1ee3i phi th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt (nh\u01b0 s\u1ee3i v\u00f4 c\u01a1, s\u1ee3i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p) c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, ngo\u00e0i l\u1edbp \u0111an xen s\u1ee3i, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng l\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"> V\u1ec1 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sao ch\u00e9p theo m\u1eabu m\u00e3 t\u00f9y theo nhu c\u1ea7u, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 ra. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t g\u1eb7p r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u01b0 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 l\u1edbn, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb cao, kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m vi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u nh\u1ecf. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu trong ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 b\u1edfi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ee7ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, c\u00f2n l\u00e2u m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Tuy nhi\u00ean, do t\u00ednh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng, vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y gi\u1ea5y quy m\u00f4 v\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u00e0n l\u00e2m \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 quy ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 \u0111i theo h\u01b0\u1edbng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, tin r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng gian t\u1ed1t cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Gi\u00e1 gi\u1ea5y chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf cao \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0nh gi\u1ea5y trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ee9c \u00e9p c\u1ee7a chi ph\u00ed nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y t\u1ef1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cao c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh trong vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t chi ph\u00ed, trong khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5y v\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf s\u1ebd b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf do n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu. V\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5y mu\u1ed1n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong th\u1eddi bu\u1ed5i c\u1ea1nh tranh gay g\u1eaft, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0nh b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u0103ng l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phan_loai_giay_my_thuat_-_giay_dac_biet\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt &#8211; gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"So_tay_bia_cung\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>S\u1ed5 tay b\u00eca c\u1ee9ng<\/strong><\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">(1) .Lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y: kh\u1ed5 d\u01b0\u01a1ng 17g: d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ef1ng v\u00e9 thu\u1ebf gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng, bao b\u00ec h\u1ed9p qu\u00e0, n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng tinh.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">(2) .Gi\u1ea5y g\u00f5: 28g \u0111\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u01a1ng quy c\u00e1ch: d\u00f9ng cho \u0111\u01a1n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, c\u00f3 b\u1ea3y m\u00e0u: tr\u1eafng, m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf, m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng, m\u00e0u xanh lam, m\u00e0u xanh l\u00e1 c\u00e2y, m\u00e0u xanh l\u1ee3t m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf t\u00eda.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">(3) .Gi\u1ea5y b\u00f3ng: 35-40g quy c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u01a1ng: m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t b\u00f3ng, d\u00f9ng cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng li\u00ean doanh. t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y. Ghi ch\u00fa d\u00ednh, gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 in c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">(4). Gi\u1ea5y in.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">(a). Gi\u1ea5y vi\u1ebft: 50-100g h\u00e0o ph\u00f3ng. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n in c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p, trong \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">(b). Gi\u1ea5y hai l\u1edbp: 60-180g r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. \u0110\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n in t\u1ea7m trung v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. Li\u00ean doanh v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">(c). Gi\u1ea5y b\u00e1o: 55-60g gi\u1ea5y cu\u1ed9n. Gi\u1ea5y d\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea3n. l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn b\u00e1o.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">(d). Gi\u1ea5y tr\u00e1ng:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">A. \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f4i 80-400g \u0111\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u01a1ng. R\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n in cao c\u1ea5p.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">B. \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01a1n: d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m th\u00f9ng carton, t\u00fai h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, h\u1ed9p thu\u1ed1c, in cao c\u1ea5p.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">(e). Gi\u1ea5y cao c\u1ea5p: 105-400g cho v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i thanh l\u1ecbch. In m\u00e0u cao c\u1ea5p.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">(5). Gi\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng carbon:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">H\u00e0o ph\u00f3ng 40-150g. C\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng sao ch\u00e9p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean. gi\u1ea5y gi\u1eefa v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi. Gi\u1ea5y tr\u00ean, gi\u1eefa v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c l\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, gi\u00e1 gi\u1ea5y kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00f3 b\u1ea3y m\u00e0u, th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng li\u00ean doanh t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">(6) .B\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng l\u01b0ng x\u00e1m: 200g tr\u1edf l\u00ean, c\u00f3 m\u00e0u x\u00e1m n\u1ec1n tr\u1eafng, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">(7). B\u00eca c\u1ee9ng m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng: 200g, m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng hai m\u1eb7t, d\u00f9ng cho bao b\u00ec t\u1ea7m trung.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">(8). Gi\u1ea5y kraft: 60-200g, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i. th\u00f9ng carton. ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef t\u1eadp tin. Danh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 phong b\u00ec.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">(9). Gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t: gi\u1ea5y nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u00eca \u0111\u1ed3 trang tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4003\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4003\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-4003 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/giay-my-thuat-a4-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Gi\u1ea5y m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt A3\/A4\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/giay-my-thuat-a4-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/giay-my-thuat-a4-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/giay-my-thuat-a4-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/giay-my-thuat-a4-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/giay-my-thuat-a4-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/giay-my-thuat-a4.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4003\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gi\u1ea5y m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt A3\/A4<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giay_van_hoa\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>Gi\u1ea5y v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/strong><\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">1) Gi\u1ea5y sao ch\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng carbon (carbonless paper): Lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u carbon \u0111\u1ec3 sao ch\u00e9p, v\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y sao ch\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng carbon, g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 carbonless paper. L\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao gi\u1ea5y sao ch\u00e9p carbonless \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0: Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Gi\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng carbon th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c trang tr\u00ean, gi\u1eefa v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi, v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i trang c\u00f3 ba l\u1edbp c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong gi\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Th\u1ee9 hai, c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, gi\u1ea5y carbonless c\u1ea7n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb vi nang, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m leuco, ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o m\u00e0u&#8230;trong khi gi\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n th\u00eam c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng (nh\u01b0 g\u00f4m nh\u1ef1a th\u00f4ng, tinh b\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Th\u1ee9 ba, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00f4i b\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea5y carbonless thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y theo c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n b\u00f4i b\u1ea9n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. V\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f4i khi kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd ri\u00eang.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"> Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Gi\u1ea5y carbonless ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, li\u00ean l\u1ea1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">2) Gi\u1ea5y in s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tin r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c in v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi v\u1edbi gi\u1ea5y in offset, gi\u1ea5y<span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><a style=\"color: #ff6600;\" href=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/in-sach-huong-dan\/\"> in s\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn<\/a><\/span> s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng offset, gi\u1ea5y tr\u00e1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 in \u1ea5n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1 can in cao c\u1ea5p (v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea5y Monken, gi\u1ea5y d\u1eadp n\u1ed5i,\u2026) \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1edbi trong ng\u00e0nh xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n s\u00e1ch.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho in \u1ea5n, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang nhanh ch\u00f3ng chen ch\u00e2n v\u00e0o ng\u00e0nh xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n s\u00e1ch, ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a &#8220;gi\u1ea5y in&#8221; ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u0169. Cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t (ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt) gi\u1ea5y n\u1ed5i l\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 M\u1ed9t di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o m\u1edbi thu h\u00fat nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">3) Gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ed1ng r\u00f2 r\u1ec9: M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y c\u00f3 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t do m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty Canada ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \u1ede n\u01a1i c\u1ea7n gi\u1eef b\u00ed m\u1eadt, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u00fat \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p scriber \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n ranh gi\u1edbi. Lo\u1ea1i b\u00fat m\u00e1y n\u00e0y trong su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u, khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi gi\u1ea5y s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra hoa v\u0103n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i b\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y photocopy v\u00e0 l\u00e0m xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i \u0111en \u1edf n\u01a1i b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sao ch\u00e9p, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">4) Gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o: Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt ch\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o &#8220;Secura&#8221;. N\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 in n\u00e9n ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn. Khi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi ng\u00f2i, m\u00e1y in kim ho\u1eb7c in letterpress \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho gi\u1ea5y &#8220;Secura&#8221;, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t sau c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea5y, s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t sau c\u1ee7a t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y sau m\u1ed9t ph\u00fat. d\u1ea5u ho\u1eb7c m\u1eabu v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. V\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y c\u00f3 ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t gi\u00fap t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb lem, c\u1ecd, x\u01b0\u1edbc, x\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sao ch\u00e9p m\u00e0u.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng dung m\u00f4i h\u1eefu c\u01a1, ch\u1ea5t oxy h\u00f3a kh\u1eed, axit, ki\u1ec1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c dung m\u00f4i kh\u00e1c, ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u00e0o s\u1ee3i gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u m\u00e0u trong \u0111\u00f3. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u1ef1c b\u00e1m tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gi\u1ea5y, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea9y ho\u1eb7c dao, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra v\u1ebft m\u00e0u tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eb7t trong c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i gi\u1ea5y.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">5) Gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c: m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 dai t\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam s\u1ee3i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o s\u1ee3i g\u1ed7 sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 in s\u00e1ch, b\u00e1o, t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed, danh thi\u1ebfp v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">6) Gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m nano: Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 sao ch\u00e9p, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 si\u00eau k\u1ef5 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u1ea9m m\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t in v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 k\u00e9o c\u0103ng. Do chi ph\u00ed t\u0103ng th\u00eam ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng kho\u1ea3ng 10% so v\u1edbi gi\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m nano n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 in s\u00e1ch ch\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">8) Ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt gi\u1ea5y: Ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 Chamberlain, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng kim lo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y khi ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o gi\u1ea5y. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Hi\u1ec7n nay th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0: ch\u1ec9 an ninh hu\u1ef3nh quang m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u v\u00e0 hai m\u00e0u kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ee5c \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng, khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1t 37 \u00b0 C b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f3n tay, s\u1ee3i b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 ch\u1eef in si\u00eau nh\u1ecf hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i gia nhi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c in b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee3i b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u0103n b\u1ea3n hu\u1ef3nh quang tia c\u1ef1c t\u00edm; s\u1ee3i b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u00f3 m\u00e0u thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn; s\u1ee3i b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt ba chi\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng laser c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 hoa v\u0103n; s\u1ee3i b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">9) Gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ed1ng sao ch\u00e9p: N\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c b\u1ecb sao ch\u00e9p b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y photocopy \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">C\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng sao ch\u00e9p l\u00e0 ng\u0103n b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c b\u1ecb sao ch\u00e9p b\u1edfi m\u00e1y photocopy \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m gi\u1ed1ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c, tr\u00e1nh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ed1ng sao ch\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch in hoa v\u0103n m\u00e0u n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ea9n ch\u1eef, hoa v\u0103n l\u00e0 hoa v\u0103n m\u00e0u n\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i khi \u0111\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t m\u1eabu ho\u1eb7c m\u1eabu \u1ea9n in v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 m\u1eabu. Sau khi sao ch\u00e9p, c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ho\u1eb7c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u1ea9n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 r\u00f5 \u200b\u200br\u00e0ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4004\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4004\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-4004 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Giay-dac-biet-mau-do-300x300.png\" alt=\"Gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Giay-dac-biet-mau-do-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Giay-dac-biet-mau-do-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Giay-dac-biet-mau-do-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Giay-dac-biet-mau-do-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Giay-dac-biet-mau-do-600x600.png 600w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Giay-dac-biet-mau-do.png 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4004\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lop_giay_dong_goi\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>L\u1edbp gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i<\/strong><\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">1) Gi\u1ea5y k\u00ednh thi\u00ean v\u0103n: Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y k\u00ednh thi\u00ean v\u0103n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4, kh\u00f4ng th\u00eam b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e9p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ef1ng bao b\u00ec. Lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng co d\u00e3n g\u1ea5p 5 \u0111\u1ebfn 10 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi gi\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ef1ng bao b\u00ec gi\u1ea5y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ef1ng bao b\u00ec nh\u1ef1a, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">2) Gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee5c l\u1ed7 s\u00e2u &#8220;Npimold Paper&#8221;: C\u00f4ng ty gi\u1ea5y Nippon c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee5c l\u1ed7 s\u00e2u t\u00ean l\u00e0 &#8220;Gi\u1ea5y Npimold&#8221;, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee3i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i g\u1ea5p 5-10 l\u1ea7n gi\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y d\u1eadp n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e9p c\u00e1c k\u00fd t\u1ef1, hoa v\u0103n v\u00e0 ba b\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t cong trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fac, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u1ef1a, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ecbn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh l\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00edn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">3) T\u00fai h\u1ea1t gi\u1ea5y: C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u00fai \u0111\u1ef1ng b\u1ed9t m\u00ec truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u1ea9m. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u1ea5y da g\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m t\u00fai bao b\u00ec \u0111\u1ef1ng b\u1ed9t m\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y tr\u1eafng da g\u00e0 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u200b\u200bb\u1ed9t g\u1ed7 m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00e3 qua t\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eafng cao, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hu\u1ef3nh quang, ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o m\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec7 sinh.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">T\u00fai \u0111\u00e1y d\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00ecnh thang, m\u1ed7i l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u00e1n ch\u1ea5m, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn h\u01a1n. So v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u00fai gi\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, lo\u1ea1i t\u00fai gi\u1ea5y m\u1edbi n\u00e0y c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n g\u1ea5p 1,5 l\u1ea7n. M\u1ed9t t\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00fai gi\u1ea5y b\u1ed1n l\u1edbp n\u1eb7ng 25 kg \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3 xu\u1ed1ng 15 l\u1ea7n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 cao 1,5 m\u00e9t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m v\u1ee1 t\u00fai. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n t\u00fai gi\u1ea5y c\u00f3 t\u00ednh h\u00fat \u1ea9m, trong c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9t m\u00ec trong t\u00fai gi\u1ea5y l\u00e2u h\u01a1n t\u00fai v\u1ea3i t\u1eeb 2-3 th\u00e1ng. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1eefa l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c, kh\u00f4ng v\u1ecb, kh\u00f4ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec7 sinh th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4005\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4005\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-4005 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/giay-my-thuat-co-van-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Gi\u1ea5y m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00e2n\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/giay-my-thuat-co-van-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/giay-my-thuat-co-van-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/giay-my-thuat-co-van-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/giay-my-thuat-co-van-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/giay-my-thuat-co-van-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/giay-my-thuat-co-van.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4005\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gi\u1ea5y m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00e2n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giay_dong_goi_thuc_pham_dac_biet\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>Gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t: <\/strong><\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>A: Gi\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i quang n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng. N\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 thu n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n d\u00f9ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00f3i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd li\u00ean t\u1ee5c thu nhi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 gi\u1eef \u1ea5m cho th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea3n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi m\u1edf gi\u1ea5y ra.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>B: Gi\u1ea5y s\u00f3ng bao b\u00ec h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i xa<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Gi\u1ea5y s\u00f3ng bao b\u00ec tia h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i xa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh h\u1ed9p bao b\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian l\u01b0u gi\u1eef tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc trong tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y, do \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eef t\u01b0\u01a1i c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y cao h\u01a1n g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i. c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9p s\u00f3ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb 100% gi\u1ea5y g\u1ee3n s\u00f3ng b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t ra tia h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i xa, sau \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng polyetylen l\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9 b\u1ecb r\u01a1i ra.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>C: Gi\u1ea5y b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. Quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 sau: \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, gi\u1ea5y g\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e2m trong dung d\u1ecbch etanol ch\u1ee9a 20% axit succinic, 33% axit succinic natri v\u00e0 0,07% axit sorbic, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m kh\u00f4. Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 t\u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbp trong g\u00f3i gi\u1ea5y n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u1edf 38 \u00b0 C trong 3 tu\u1ea7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>D: Gi\u1ea5y g\u00f3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y g\u00f3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n gia nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia. Lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y n\u00e0y ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t m\u00e0ng b\u00e1n th\u1ea5m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, b\u00ean trong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u cao v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t h\u00fat n\u01b0\u1edbc polyme. Do s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc trong th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u cao qua m\u00e0ng b\u00e1n th\u1ea5m n\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi ch\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 n\u01b0\u1edbc polyme.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Gi\u1ea5y g\u00f3i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u00f4 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, n\u00f3 h\u00fat n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ecdc theo kho\u1ea3ng gian b\u00e0o, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00fat n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00fat n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u b\u00ean trong, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng h\u00fat n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p. Lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y g\u00f3i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c enzym, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y protein v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 sinh s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a vi sinh v\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, t\u1eadp trung c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n umami, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 dai.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>E: \u0111\u1eadu c\u1eb7n gi\u1ea5y<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00f2a tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m t\u1eeb b\u00e3 \u0111\u1eadu ph\u1ee5 th\u1ea3i ra, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i m\u00ec \u0103n li\u1ec1n, gia v\u1ecb, th\u1ecbt n\u01b0\u1edbng, b\u00e1nh ng\u1ecdt v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0: th\u00eam axit b\u00e9o v\u00e0 axit protein v\u00e0o b\u00e3 \u0111\u1eadu, \u0111\u1ec3 cho n\u00f3 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y, sau \u0111\u00f3 r\u1eeda b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5m, l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 s\u1ee3i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m, sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00eam khoai m\u1ee1, khoai m\u00f4n, dextrin, oligosaccharide, polypropylene glycol v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00f3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">F Pomace Paper C\u00f4ng ty gi\u1ea5y Takasaki c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5y b\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u00e3 t\u00e1o b\u1ecf \u0111i trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t trong b\u00e3, gi\u00e3 nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ee3i g\u1ed7 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3. Lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y b\u00e3 n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y sau khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c \u1ee7, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea5y tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>G: bao b\u00ec gi\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Unifill c\u1ee7a \u00dd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi Nippon Paper \u0111\u1ec3 tung ra hai lo\u1ea1i pho m\u00e1t \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea5y c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u1ecf d\u1ec5 b\u00f3c cho ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Lo\u1ea1i bao b\u00ec gi\u1ea5y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00e1n m\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t do Unifil ti\u00ean phong n\u00e0y \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>H: rau gi\u1ea5y<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Rau gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1edfi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 rau gi\u1ea5y. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chung c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m rau l\u00e0 gi\u00e0u ch\u1ea5t x\u01a1, nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i vitamin v\u00e0 kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t, trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t x\u01a1 kh\u00e1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00ean s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m rau gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn \u00edt b\u1ecb hao h\u1ee5t ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea5p ( kho\u1ea3ng 10%). <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">D\u1ec5 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00e2ng cao gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a rau m\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 rau d\u1ec5 h\u1ecfng, kh\u00f3 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n. V\u1ec1 quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u00f3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 \u00e9p n\u00e9n, trong \u0111\u00f3 b\u00f9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nung hai l\u1ea7n. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh cu\u1ed9n, trong \u0111\u00f3 b\u00f9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a qua hai con l\u0103n \u00e9p quay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ec1u, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u00e9p th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng gi\u1ea5y, l\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4006\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4006\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-4006 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/giay-my-thuat-mau-den-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Gi\u1ea5y m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0u \u0111en\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/giay-my-thuat-mau-den-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/giay-my-thuat-mau-den-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/giay-my-thuat-mau-den-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/giay-my-thuat-mau-den-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/giay-my-thuat-mau-den-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/giay-my-thuat-mau-den.jpg 799w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4006\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gi\u1ea5y m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0u \u0111en<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mot_so_loai_giay_khac\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y kh\u00e1c<\/strong><\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>1) Gi\u1ea5y may m\u1eb7c<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, &#8220;gi\u1ea5y thay th\u1ebf&#8221; thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea5y n\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m kh\u0103n tr\u1ea3i b\u00e0n, ga tr\u1ea3i gi\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u0103n lau tay&#8230;\u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng &#8220;s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n&#8221; \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 &#8220;l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi&#8221;. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, &#8220;gi\u1ea5y qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o&#8221; \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y n\u00e0y m\u1ec1m d\u1ebbo nh\u01b0 v\u1ea3i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc v\u00e1y gi\u1ea5y l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 b\u1eaft m\u1eaft. Chi\u1ebfc v\u00e1y c\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea5y qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. V\u00ec v\u00e1y c\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 m\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n trong \u0111\u00e1m c\u01b0\u1edbi n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 may s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>2) Gi\u1ea5y tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc (gi\u1ea5y tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc)<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Gi\u1ea5y tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u00f2a tan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n sau khi ng\u00e2m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai ph\u00fat, n\u1ebfu khu\u1ea5y th\u00eam ho\u1eb7c c\u1ecd r\u1eeda th\u00ec qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00f2a tan s\u1ebd nhanh h\u01a1n. Lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y n\u00e0y ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 an ninh li\u00ean bang, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m b\u00ed m\u1eadt trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i n\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t h\u1eb9p, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng lan r\u1ed9ng, do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n sau n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea5y th\u01b0\u1eddng, quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n gi\u1ed1ng nhau, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e2u ch\u1ecdn nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd sau kh\u00e1c nhau. \u00cdt nh\u1ea5t hai ph\u1ea7n ba mu\u1ed1i natri c\u1ee7a cacboxymetyl xenluloza c\u00f3 trong gi\u1ea5y tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia. Sau khi \u0111\u1eadp, b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi natri cacboxymethyl cellulose v\u00e0 sau khi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea5y.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Gi\u1ea5y th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc h\u00f2a tan, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i. T\u1eeb kh\u00e2u x\u1eed l\u00fd sau \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i, n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea5y th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m. Lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 in, v\u00e0 khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ea3 v\u00e0o b\u1ed3n c\u1ea7u, gi\u1ea5y s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft; n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00f3i thu\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c gia v\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n m\u1edf g\u00f3i; n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh gi\u1ea5y trang \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>3) M\u00e1y h\u00fat b\u1ee5i \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i gi\u1ea5y<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho m\u00e1y h\u00fat b\u1ee5i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00fat b\u1ee5i, l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Gi\u1ea5y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb hai ho\u1eb7c ba l\u1edbp, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao. Gi\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 tho\u00e1ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00fat kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y h\u00fat b\u1ee5i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o cao. C\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5y trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00fai m\u00e1y h\u00fat b\u1ee5i tr\u00ean m\u00e1y gi\u1ea5y nh\u1ecf, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ef1 gia c\u00f4ng t\u00fai gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u00e1y h\u00fat b\u1ee5i chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>4) Gi\u1ea5y d\u00e2y gi\u1ea5y m\u00e0u<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">N\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u00e2y th\u1eebng gi\u1ea5y m\u00e0u, d\u1ec7t gi\u1ecf th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, n\u00f3n th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e1y gi\u1ea5y quay 1092mm v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Gi\u1ea5y d\u00e2y th\u1eebng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh dai v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n, hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu gi\u1ea5y th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>5) Gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u00e8n<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u00e8n cho chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cao c\u1ea5p, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i. Lo\u1ea1i cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y da gi\u1ea3, c\u00f3 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf ng\u1ea7u, n\u1ebfp nh\u0103n m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a da tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y; gi\u1ea5y trung c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ee5a, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ea3i lanh d\u00e0y v\u00e0 m\u1ecbn; v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed b\u1eb1ng hoa v\u00e0 l\u00e1. N\u1ebfm th\u1eed. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng sao ch\u00e9p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u1ed5 k\u00ednh, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng d\u1ecbu, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u00e8n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i phong ph\u00fa. C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>6) Gi\u1ea5y v\u1ea3i thay th\u1ebf<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Trong nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u s\u1ee3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n \u01b0\u1edbt, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, ga tr\u1ea3i gi\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u0103n tr\u1ea3i b\u00e0n, kh\u0103n lau tay,\u2026 v\u1eeba v\u1ec7 sinh v\u1eeba ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>7) Washi<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">&#8220;Gi\u1ea5y Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n&#8221; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n \u01b0\u1edbt, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i cao, gi\u1ea5y m\u1ec1m, ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft th\u00e0nh gi\u1ea5y cu\u1ed9n kh\u1ed5 h\u1eb9p. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu cho gi\u1ea5y collagen nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, gi\u1ea5y hoa gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebf kh\u0103n \u01b0\u1edbt d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u0103n t\u1eafm v\u00e0 kh\u0103n t\u1eafm \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t. So v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c, kh\u0103n t\u1eafm v\u00e0 kh\u0103n t\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng &#8220;Washi&#8221; c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c va \u0111\u1eadp m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ch\u00e0 r\u1eeda t\u1ed1t. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh kh\u00f4, r\u1ea5t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m kh\u0103n t\u1eafm, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>8) Gi\u1ea5y cho v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ec7t<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u201cgi\u1ea5y Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n\u201d, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea5y l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho h\u00e0ng d\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng d\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng qua k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhu\u1ed9m, xo\u1eafn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh gi\u1ea5y. ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y kh\u00e1c nhau. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Hi\u1ec7n nay, gi\u1ea5y d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u d\u1ec7t \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u00e2y m\u1ecfng (gi\u1ea5y cu\u1ed9n h\u1eb9p), ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u1ed1ng gi\u1ea5y kh\u1ed5 r\u1ed9ng 10mm, 6mm v\u00e0 4mm. T\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u00e1o thun cao c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch xo\u1eafn s\u1ee3i gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 s\u1ee3i t\u01a1 m\u1ecbn, \u0111\u1ed9 tho\u00e1ng kh\u00ed, th\u1ea5m h\u00fat m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i v\u00e0 nhanh kh\u00f4 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea3i cotton, vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 v\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cao.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vat_lieu_xay_dung\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/strong><\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>1) Gi\u1ea5y x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y &#8220;x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng gi\u1ea5y&#8221; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn trong Th\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u1ed9i Olympic Sydney l\u00e0m v\u00ed d\u1ee5. T\u1ea5m th\u1ea1ch cao, gi\u1ea5y nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1ea5m gi\u1ea5y d\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1eddng, vv \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m. Ngo\u00e0i gi\u1ea5y s\u1ee3i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, gi\u1ea5y x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1edbi c\u0169ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t polyme.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>2) L\u1edbp gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n s\u00e0n t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u00e0n composite \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1eddi, v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n cho l\u1edbp b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u00e0n composite ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng. Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 l\u00e0 s\u1ee3i d\u00e0i, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 t\u1ed1t v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e1t m\u1ecfng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p. S\u00e0n g\u1ed7 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e1t s\u00e0n m\u1edbi \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e0n g\u1ed7 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 su\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>3) Gi\u1ea5y n\u1ec1n g\u1ea1ch b\u00f4ng tr\u1ee5c m\u00e0u<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">G\u1ea1ch x\u1ed1p tr\u1ee5c m\u00e0u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u trang tr\u00ed x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1edbi l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00f4ng l\u1ed9ng l\u1eaby h\u01a1n. Vi\u1ec7c d\u00e1n gi\u1ea5y l\u00f3t trang tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a g\u1ea1ch b\u00f4ng tr\u1ee5c m\u00e0u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t g\u1ea1ch b\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c thi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y l\u00f3t n\u00e0y nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea5m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng h\u00fat n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>4) Th\u00e9p gi\u1ea5y.<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Th\u00e9p gi\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1ed9n c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i kim lo\u1ea1i c\u1ef1c m\u1ecbn v\u00e0 s\u1ee3i trong b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5y, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y s\u1ee3i kim lo\u1ea1i. Lo\u1ea1i m\u1ecfng ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1eddi milimet, m\u1ecfng nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e9p; lo\u1ea1i d\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp l\u00e1 th\u00e9p gi\u1ea5y m\u1ecfng li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nh\u1ef1a t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng 2-3 cm. Th\u00e9p gi\u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh t\u1ea5m, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eadp v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9n th\u00e0nh r\u00e3nh, s\u00f3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">M\u1ed9t khi th\u00e9p gi\u1ea5y ra m\u1eaft, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c, ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u00f4 t\u00f4, toa t\u00e0u v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh b\u00ean trong th\u00e2n m\u00e1y bay.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Nh\u00e0 di \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p gi\u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ea1m, l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 c\u1eafm tr\u1ea1i. M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khung th\u00e9p gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nh\u1ecbp 15 m\u00e9t v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea7u kho\u1ea3ng 3 m\u00e9t, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u1ed9 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 m\u00e1y k\u00e9o nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 xe jeep 2,5 t\u1ea5n. Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 th\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111i xa b\u1eb1ng xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u n\u00ean r\u1ea5t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Th\u00e9p gi\u1ea5y m\u1ecfng nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 g\u1ea1c v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m nh\u1ef1a, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m kh\u0103n tr\u1ea3i b\u00e0n, r\u00e8m c\u1eeda, kh\u0103n tr\u1ea3i gi\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y kh\u00e1c; th\u00e9p gi\u1ea5y d\u00e0y h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee5c l\u1ed7 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 b\u00e1t, ch\u1eadu, h\u1ed9p, v.v. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u1ef1a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u00e3o h\u00f3a. Th\u00e9p gi\u1ea5y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf g\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 ng\u0103n k\u00e9o, t\u1ee7, h\u1ed9p.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>5) Nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n m\u1edbi<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">A. H\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y d\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t. Lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y d\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp s\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u1ecfa ra nhi\u1ec7t sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n, r\u1ea5t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e1n v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">B. H\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n h\u00fat \u1ea9m<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra gi\u1ea5y d\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00fat \u1ea9m. B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y d\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf li ti, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00fat 100 ml n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00e9t vu\u00f4ng, l\u00e0 v\u1eadt trang tr\u00ed l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ph\u00f2ng v\u1ec7 sinh.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">C. H\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n sinh s\u1ea3n ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y d\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c sinh s\u00f4i. Lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ea5m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 nh\u1ef1a polyvinyl clorua c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea5y d\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1eddng, cho d\u00f9 c\u00f3 vi khu\u1ea9n tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y d\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sinh s\u00f4i. Gi\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">D. H\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n thu\u1ed1c di\u1ec7t c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y d\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ru\u1ed3i, mu\u1ed7i, gi\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi gi\u1ea5y d\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t nhanh ch\u00f3ng, v\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng di\u1ec7t c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec trong 5 n\u0103m. Lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y d\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ecd r\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ecdng h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">E. Smell h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Gi\u1ea5y d\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 m\u00f9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00f9i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t th\u01a1m, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng lu\u00f4n th\u01a1m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">F. H\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n B\u00e1o ch\u00e1y<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n b\u00e1o ch\u00e1y, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n. Lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y d\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t ra kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng m\u00f9i, kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u, v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 l\u1eeda, do \u0111\u00f3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00e1o kh\u00f3i ion h\u00f3a, ph\u00e1t ra \u00e2m thanh b\u00e1o ch\u00e1y, sau \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eadp t\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n l\u1eeda.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">G. H\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n ch\u1ed1ng nghe tr\u1ed9m<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y d\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng kh\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec5u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb v\u00e0 nghe tr\u1ed9m \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng v\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec7t nylon v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p v\u00e0 t\u00f4n m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">H. High Shield h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m n\u1ec1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 che ch\u1eafn cao, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea1 niken tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ee3i carbon, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 che ch\u1eafn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m cao kh\u1ecfi s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5u t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng do th\u00e1m \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng che ch\u1eafn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u00e1nh ngang v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e9p, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giay_khong_chay\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>Gi\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e1y.<\/strong><\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gi\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e1y v\u1edbi canxi silicat v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea5y d\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, b\u1ed9t axit silicic \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t canxi silicat d\u1ea1ng s\u1ee3i, sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh v\u00e0 c\u1ed1t gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o. Gi\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ami\u0103ng b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng do c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giay_noi_that_va_do_noi_that_bang_giay\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>Gi\u1ea5y n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea5y<\/strong><\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u0110\u1ed3 n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea5y l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1920. N\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea5n s\u1ee3i t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh s\u1ee3i m\u1ea3nh, sau \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u201cs\u1ee3i gi\u1ea5y\u201d n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh \u201cv\u1ea3i gi\u1ea5y\u201d b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y d\u1ec7t. Khi d\u1ec7t, ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 \u0111an d\u00e2y th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 trong s\u1ee3i ngang \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"> &#8220;V\u1ea3i gi\u1ea5y&#8221; d\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft, gh\u00e9p v\u1edbi khung b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u00f3ng b\u1eb1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt d\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, th\u00eam s\u01a1n n\u01b0\u1edbng, sau \u0111\u00f3 d\u00e1n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u gi\u1ea5y n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb s\u1ee3i gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 dai, kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 \u1ea9m, kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1m b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n, c\u00f3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m, ch\u1ed1ng c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng, ch\u1ed1ng n\u1eafng, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c. , v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec. C\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn tr\u1ef1c quan l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, khi ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0 v\u00e0 tinh t\u1ebf, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao hay l\u1ea1nh kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t, \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt hay kh\u00f4, kh\u00f4ng phai m\u00e0u, kh\u00f4ng n\u1ee9t v\u1ee1, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Gh\u1ebf gi\u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tho\u00e1ng kh\u00ed t\u1ed1t, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea5y c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 g\u1ed7 gi\u00fap tho\u00e1ng m\u00e1t, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ed9t ng\u1ea1t khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8, khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y l\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec7m gh\u1ebf, ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u0110\u1ed3 n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gian nh\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong nh\u00e0. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea5y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean m\u1edbi.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lop_bao_ve\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>L\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7:<\/strong><\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>1) Gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kim lo\u1ea1i, do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, oxy, axit, ki\u1ec1m, mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 cacbua v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 g\u1ec9) \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n th\u1eddi gian.). \u0102n m\u00f2n kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gi\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 bay h\u01a1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0103n m\u00f2n kim lo\u1ea1i. Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y g\u00f3i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ec9 kim lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i pha kh\u00ed v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ec9 chuy\u00ean d\u00f9ng cho inox, c\u00f3 th\u00eam \u201cch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ec9 inox\u201d v\u00e0o \u201c\u0111\u1ebf gi\u1ea5y\u201d ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u inox, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea5y c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ec9 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 inox kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb r\u1ec9. Lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u01b0\u1edbi, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. Quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y gi\u1ea5y ban \u0111\u1ea7u. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>2) Gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y (gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y)<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 c\u00e2u n\u00f3i: Gi\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a l\u1eeda. Gi\u1ea5y lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a l\u1eeda, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 t\u00e2m l\u00fd s\u1ee3 ch\u00e1y, v\u00e0 bao b\u00ec gi\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng kinh t\u1edfm h\u01a1n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, bao b\u00ec gi\u1ea5y lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng ch\u00e1y ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y. Gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 ch\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch pha th\u00eam s\u1ee3i kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5y, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00f3i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ung_dung_trong_nong_nghiep\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong><\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>1) Gi\u1ea5y tr\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">N\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ecf nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y. Gieo h\u1ea1t tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u1ea5y c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9n sau khi c\u00e2y con h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 xanh. Gi\u1ea5y tr\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p, tho\u00e1ng kh\u00ed, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbt t\u1ed1t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tr\u00ean m\u00e1y quay gi\u1ea5y.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>2) Gi\u1ea5y kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eaft x\u00edch k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu. L\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng, gi\u1ea5y ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t, h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 th\u00f3c, b\u00f4ng, rau, qu\u1ea3, hoa. C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u00f9ng gi\u1ea5y n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m gi\u1ed1ng \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m h\u00e0ng n\u0103m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m thay th\u1ebf nh\u01b0 kh\u0103n, g\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111o t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi do \u0111o kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u0169ng g\u00e2y l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00f3. V\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e9p \u0111o h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng quan tr\u1ecdng, ng\u00e0nh n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadp gi\u1ea5y kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>3) Gi\u1ea5y b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y v\u00e0 rau th\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Thu\u1ed1c b\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ch\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ec7nh, c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m gi\u1ea5y. Gi\u1ea5y gi\u1eef t\u01b0\u01a1i rau qu\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o Trung Qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t gi\u1eef t\u01b0\u01a1i v\u00e0 gi\u1eef ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y g\u00f3i gi\u1eef t\u01b0\u01a1i rau qu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 t\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec7t c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 b\u1ed9t thu\u1ed1c th\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee3c Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00ean bao b\u00ec tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 h\u01a1n ch\u1ee5c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c b\u1eafc nh\u01b0 B\u1ea1ch tru\u1eadt, ch\u00e8 ng\u1ecdt, thanh h\u1ed5, cam th\u1ea3o v\u00e0 ri\u1ec1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc, nghi\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1ng. Gi\u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, thu mua nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n, gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh r\u1ebb, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf. Ngo\u00e0i ra, lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>4) Th\u1ea3m gi\u1ea5y n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p &#8220;b\u1ed1n trong m\u1ed9t&#8221;<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><em><strong>C\u00f4ng ty TNHH Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf BiNa Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/strong><\/em><\/span> \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea3m gi\u1ea5y n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p &#8220;b\u1ed1n trong m\u1ed9t&#8221; cho ph\u00e9p n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u1ecf d\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n phun thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Th\u1ea3m gi\u1ea5y &#8220;b\u1ed1n trong m\u1ed9t&#8221; n\u00e0y t\u00edch h\u1ee3p b\u1ed1n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gieo h\u1ea1t, b\u00f3n ph\u00e2n, l\u00e0m c\u1ecf v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m l\u00f3t gi\u1ea5y. T\u1ea5m l\u00f3t gi\u1ea5y n\u00e0y tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea5y kraft, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m l\u1edbp d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n sinh h\u1ecdc, l\u1edbp gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ecf, l\u1edbp ph\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u01a1, l\u1edbp ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u1ed1c s\u00ean, l\u1edbp h\u1ea1t th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, l\u1edbp keo v\u00e0 l\u1edbp l\u1edbp tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng, l\u1edbp gi\u1ea5y m\u1ecfng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Th\u1ea3m gi\u1ea5y &#8220;b\u1ed1n trong m\u1ed9t&#8221; l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ecf d\u1ea1i th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00ec th\u1ea3m gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb s\u1ee3i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y t\u1eeb t\u1eeb th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh gi\u1ea5y nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 s\u1ee3i nh\u1ecf do t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a vi sinh v\u1eadt trong \u0111\u1ea5t, sau \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"> C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t x\u01a1 b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u00f3a l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb suy tho\u00e1i d\u1ea7n trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i t\u1ecfa, \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb b\u1ea1c m\u00e0u do s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Th\u1ea3m gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ecf c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u01a1i c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng b\u1ed5 sung kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1ng khu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 b\u1ec7nh b\u1ea1c l\u00e1 do vi khu\u1ea9n Rhizoctonia solani g\u00e2y ra. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ea3m gi\u1ea5y n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1edbi &#8220;m\u1ed9t t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y&#8221;: Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea5y l\u00f3t r\u01a1m, sau khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00e2m n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1edd thu ho\u1ea1ch.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>5) L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 gi\u1ea5y n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 gi\u1ea5y n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ee3i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, b\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt, ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n, ch\u1ea5t trong su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 kh\u00e1c v\u00e0o b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y, v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea5y n\u1ec1n, sau \u0111\u00f3 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7. \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, truy\u1ec1n s\u00e1ng, th\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t, t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, gi\u1eef \u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng chung c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 polyetylen, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, th\u1ea5m kh\u00ed, th\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc, x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp r\u1ec5 b\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t, t\u1eadp trung ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 n\u00e9n ch\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u1ecf d\u1ea1i. V\u00ec v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0ng ph\u1ee7 gi\u1ea5y \u0111a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0ng ph\u1ee7 polyetylen s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 trong \u0111\u1ea5t, gi\u1ea3m n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u00e0ng gi\u1ea5y n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u phong ph\u00fa, gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi m\u00e0ng nh\u1ef1a polyetylen. Sau khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m, c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ti\u00eau v\u00e0 t\u0103ng thu nh\u1eadp. So v\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea5y b\u00f3ng k\u00ednh, quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t phim n\u1ec1n gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, so v\u1edbi l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 nh\u1ef1a, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbt v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 gi\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i v\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>6) Gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3ng bao \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u201ctr\u00e1i xanh\u201d, \u0111\u1eaft g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng bao, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y \u0111\u00f3ng bao gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ed1c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt cao trong tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y \u0111\u00f3ng bao v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3ng bao t\u00e1o trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u00fai gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng bao. T\u00fai l\u00ea, t\u00fai nho, t\u00fai rau qu\u1ea3 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Gi\u1ea5y bao tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh t\u00fai trong v\u00e0 t\u00fai ngo\u00e0i, gi\u1ea5y t\u00fai ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp trong v\u00e0 l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i, l\u1edbp trong m\u00e0u \u0111en, l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 m\u00e0u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, gi\u1ea5y l\u00e0m t\u00fai b\u00ean trong l\u00e0 m\u00e0u \u0111en. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u01b0a gi\u00f3 ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3ng bao tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o \u01b0\u1edbt cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tho\u00e1ng kh\u00ed cao. Do nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ee5 gia ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>7) Gi\u1ea5y b\u00f3ng<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Gi\u1ea5y che n\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ea7m, nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng che n\u1eafng, th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3, ch\u1ed1ng m\u01b0a, tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh, gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 rau trong m\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u1eafng n\u00f3ng nh\u01b0 m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng xu\u00e2n.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Gi\u1ea5y b\u00f3ng l\u00e0 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 xanh ho\u1eb7c \u0111en v\u00e0o b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho gi\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1nh n\u1eafng m\u1ea1nh. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i collagen c\u00f3 m\u00e0u (collagen da th\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng kh\u1eed m\u00e0u) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u00eam thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf qua v\u00e0 collagen c\u00f3 m\u00e0u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Ngo\u00e0i ra, gi\u1ea5y che n\u1eafng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbt, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Gi\u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i t\u01a1i x\u1ed1p, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tho\u00e1ng kh\u00ed t\u1ed1t, r\u00fat \u200b\u200bng\u1eafn s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam trong h\u1ea7m v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i collagen n\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng tho\u00e1ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 gi\u1eef \u1ea9m t\u1ed1t, c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u00fat \u1ea9m cao.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giay_dung_trong_y_te\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>Gi\u1ea5y d\u00f9ng trong y t\u1ebf<\/strong><\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>1) Gi\u1ea5y y t\u1ebf<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 &#8220;ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u00fang&#8221; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1nh, gi\u1ea5y th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, vv, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd kh\u00e1m ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, &#8220;gi\u1ea5y c\u1ea7m m\u00e1u&#8221; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng rong bi\u1ec3n, c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ea7m m\u00e1u v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a axit alginic. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng may b\u1ecb ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u t\u1eeb v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ecf, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7m m\u00e1u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u00e1n m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh gi\u1ea5y nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi &#8220;b\u0103ng b\u00f3&#8221;, vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>2) Kh\u0103n gi\u1ea5y th\u1ea5m d\u1ea7u<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t minh ra kh\u0103n gi\u1ea5y th\u1ea5m d\u1ea7u l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e2y li\u1ec5u v\u00e0o. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0ng l\u00e1, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i k\u1eb9p l\u00e1 v\u00e0ng t\u1eeb l\u1edbp gi\u1ea5y, l\u1edbp gi\u1ea5y n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y d\u1eadp l\u00e1 v\u00e0ng. Khi l\u00e1 v\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y ra \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o ra m\u1ecfng, c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i gi\u1ea5y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9t, v\u00e0 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00fat d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Sau \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e1 v\u00e0ng d\u1ea7n suy t\u00e0n, gi\u1ea5y th\u1ea5m d\u1ea7u l\u00e0m t\u1eeb h\u1ea1t lanh v\u00e0 b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt m\u1eb7t tr\u1eafng \u1edf Kyoto c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n * \u0111ang tranh gi\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp trang \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Sau \u0111\u00f3, kh\u0103n gi\u1ea5y th\u1ea5m d\u1ea7u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf Kyoto, v\u00e0 qua s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec7ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch, n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb9p \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><em>3) Gi\u1ea5y s\u1ea1ch<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Gi\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng b\u1ee5i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970 v\u00e0 ban \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"> Do vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o l\u1ecdc s\u1ea1ch tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n l\u1eafp r\u00e1p m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p b\u00e1n d\u1eabn v\u00e0 quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, n\u00ean gi\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng b\u1ee5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 thanh l\u1ecdc. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, gi\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng b\u1ee5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u0103ng v\u1ec7 sinh ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, gi\u1ea5y \u0103n, mi\u1ebfng l\u00f3t, kh\u0103n lau \u01b0\u1edbt, kh\u0103n \u0103n, gi\u1ea5y ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1ng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng b\u1ee5i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ba ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m nh\u01b0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u01b0\u1edbc, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, thu nh\u1ecf thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng cao cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gi\u1ea5y s\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh 3 d\u00f2ng l\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y s\u1ea1ch d\u00e1n keo, gi\u1ea5y s\u1ea1ch d\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y s\u1ea1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. Gi\u1ea5y s\u1ea1ch d\u00e1n keo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y l\u00f4ng t\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi cao su; gi\u1ea5y s\u1ea1ch li\u00ean k\u1ebft nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1ed9n b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y l\u00f4ng t\u01a1 v\u00e0 s\u1ee3i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y s\u1ee3i. Gi\u1ea5y s\u1ea1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa hai lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft s\u1ee3i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf li\u00ean k\u1ebft latex. Nh\u01b0ng gi\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng b\u1ee5i k\u00edn nhi\u1ec7t c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o b\u1ecdt b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee1 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t) \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>4) Que th\u1eed tr\u00e1nh thai t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 que th\u1eed s\u1eafc k\u00fd mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n d\u00f2ng \u201cth\u1eddi k\u1ef3 an to\u00e0n\u201d d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh thai t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1edf ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i sinh \u0111\u1ebb. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng que th\u1eed n\u00e0y, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i sinh \u0111\u1ebb ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n nh\u00fang que th\u1eed v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh \u0111ang trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 an to\u00e0n hay ch\u01b0a, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch tr\u00e1nh thai t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>5) Gi\u1ea5y ki\u1ec3m tra n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Gi\u1ea5y ki\u1ec3m tra n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y ki\u1ec3m tra nhanh, nh\u1ea1y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u1ef1c quan n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng clo v\u00e0 peroxit. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed5 gi\u1ea5y nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi gi\u1ea5y l\u1ecdc t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh s\u1ed1 1, ng\u00e2m trong dung d\u1ecbch l\u00e0m \u01b0\u1edbt h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t i\u1ed1t \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc trong 30 ph\u00fat, sau khi gi\u1ea5y th\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ec1u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4. Sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u1eaft th\u00e0nh d\u1ea3i gi\u1ea5y r\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 5 mm \u0111\u1ebfn 6 mm, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00e1y gi\u1ea5y, d\u00e1n m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t sau, tr\u00ean b\u00eca sau c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m thang m\u00e0u ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9, d\u00f9ng gi\u1ea5y b\u00f3ng k\u00ednh d\u00e1n k\u00edn \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>6) Gi\u1ea5y kh\u1eed m\u00f9i (gi\u1ea5y kh\u1eed m\u00f9i)<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh m\u1edbi. Lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eed m\u00f9i, ho\u1eb7c th\u00eam b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y, ho\u1eb7c th\u00eam n\u00f3 v\u00e0o gi\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1edd nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea5y, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t mang v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u1eed m\u00f9i. S\u01a1n kh\u1eed m\u00f9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c pha ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1ed9n axit xitric v\u00e0 nh\u1ef1a, c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 kh\u00ed c\u00f3 m\u00f9i.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_danh_muc_khac_giay_khac\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>C\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c gi\u1ea5y kh\u00e1c<\/strong><\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>1) Gi\u1ea5y \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9:<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 khi m\u00e1y \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>2) Gi\u1ea5y s\u01b0\u1edfi<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong gi\u1ea5y gia nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh v\u00e0 s\u1ee3i carbon. Lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp s\u1ee3i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ec3 &#8220;m\u1ea1ng m\u1ea1ch&#8221; trong gi\u1ea5y c\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u ngang v\u00e0 &#8220;c\u00e1c k\u00eanh d\u00f2ng &#8220;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i trong c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec7t. \u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed1t n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1eaft theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 \u201cph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i\u201d c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5c pin kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t ra nhi\u1ec7t.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn: d\u00e1n (treo) gi\u1ea5y s\u01b0\u1edfi l\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trong m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0103ng l\u00ean sau khi b\u1eadt ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn h\u1eefu \u00edch h\u01a1n cho kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m \u0111i ra ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c h\u00fat l\u1edbn.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"> Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea5y h\u00e2m n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00f3i b\u00e1nh m\u00ec, th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u00edn\u2026v\u1eeba gi\u00fap th\u1ee9c \u0103n th\u01a1m, ngon sau \u0111i\u1ec7n, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng thay th\u1ebf l\u00f2 vi s\u00f3ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bs\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p ch\u01b0\u1eddm n\u00f3ng trong b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>3) Gi\u1ea5y r\u1eeda d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Gi\u1ea5y r\u1eeda d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y m\u1ec1m sunfat, m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf s\u1ee3i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5m \u01b0\u1edbt. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00edn, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t, ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng phun mu\u1ed1i, ch\u1ed1ng \u1ea9m, ch\u1ed1ng m\u1ed1c (\u201ctam v\u1ec7\u201d). Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">V\u00ec s\u1ee3i g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9t g\u1ed7 m\u1ec1m kraft thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ee3i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt n\u00ean c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m hydroxyl \u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc, do t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m hydroxyl, c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"> L\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n suy gi\u1ea3m. Do \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ee3i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 k\u1ef5 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m gi\u1ea5y \u01b0\u1edbt c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Xem x\u00e9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00fang ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t &#8220;ba ch\u1ed1ng&#8221; tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t &#8220;ba ch\u1ed1ng&#8221;; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, s\u1ee3i polyester, s\u1ee3i polypropylene v\u00e0 polyamide \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n trong b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y, s\u1ee3i, do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1t, b\u1ec1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, b\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t, h\u00fat \u1ea9m th\u1ea5p, kh\u00e1ng axit v\u00e0 ki\u1ec1m&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>4) Gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0m t\u1eeb s\u1ee3i protein \u0111\u1eadu n\u00e0nh<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Ch\u1ea5t x\u01a1 protein \u0111\u1eadu n\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u200b\u200bb\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eadu n\u00e0nh sau khi d\u1ea7u (25% -30%) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e9p ra, bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t hydroxyl v\u00e0 cyano. Lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f3ng nh\u01b0 l\u1ee5a, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 cashmere, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00fat \u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u1ea9m c\u1ee7a b\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n kh\u00f4 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 g\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee3i b\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n \u01b0\u1edbt cao h\u01a1n. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng nh\u1eb9, c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Do c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00eau tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i protein \u0111\u1eadu n\u00e0nh n\u00ean lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0m t\u1eeb lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u00f3ng, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c m\u1ec1m tay&#8230;m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i protein \u0111\u1eadu t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng sinh kh\u00ed m\u1edbi v\u00e0o ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1ea5y.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>5) Gi\u1ea5y b\u1ecdt<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">C\u00f4ng ty PSP \u1edf Bremen, \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5y x\u1ed1p, v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf nh\u1ef1a x\u1ed1p. Lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y x\u1ed1p n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea5y v\u1ee5n t\u1eeb s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o c\u0169 v\u00e0 b\u1ed9t m\u00ec l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o c\u0169 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft nh\u1ecf sau \u0111\u00f3 xay th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y d\u1ea1ng s\u1ee3i, tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi b\u1ed9t m\u00ec theo t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 2: 1.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"> Sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y b\u01a1m v\u00e0o m\u00e1y \u0111\u00f9n v\u00e0 \u00e9p th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c vi\u00ean h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e9p \u0111\u00f9n, nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o b\u1ecdt b\u1edfi h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh gi\u1ea5y x\u1ed1p. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t gi\u1ea5y x\u1ed1p l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u bao b\u00ec v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y theo nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c nhau. Gi\u1ea5y b\u1ecdt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 gia h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ea1i sau khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nganh_cong_nghiep_thuoc_la\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1<\/strong><\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>1) Gi\u1ea5y g\u00f3i thanh l\u1ecdc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed cao<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Gi\u1ea5y t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh que l\u1ecdc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tho\u00e1ng kh\u00ed cao l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea5y t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh que l\u1ecdc thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi gi\u1ea5y b\u1ecbt l\u1ed7 b\u1eb1ng laser, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1eafc \u00edn c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1eeb 17mg xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 12mg. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Gi\u1ea5y t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh que l\u1ecdc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u cao l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a &#8220;d\u1ef1 \u00e1n gi\u1ea3m luy\u1ec7n c\u1ed1c&#8221; c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 qu\u1ed1c gia. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2007 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u gi\u1ea5y g\u00f3i que l\u1ecdc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c, Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 cao c\u1ea5p v\u1edbi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1eafc \u00edn th\u1ea5p. Ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea5y t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh thanh l\u1ecdc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u cao l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ngang cao (tr\u00ean 1,5kN \/ m theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ecdc), \u0111\u1ed9 tho\u00e1ng kh\u00ed cao (5000&#8211;10000CU), t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t li\u00ean k\u1ebft , h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 cao.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>2) Gi\u1ea5y g\u1ea5p v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y n\u1ec1n<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Gi\u1ea5y tip l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m bao b\u00ec b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u que thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean theo b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u00e2n g\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng. Gi\u1ea5y t\u1ea9m b\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi m\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00fat n\u00ean m\u1ef1c in v\u00e0 l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec7 sinh th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ecbu n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu \u01b0\u1edbt nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Theo c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00e1c nhau, gi\u1ea5y boa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i: gi\u1ea5y in v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y ph\u1ee7. Gi\u1ea5y t\u1ea9m thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in b\u1eb1ng quy tr\u00ecnh in \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u00f3 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1eb9p, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cao, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cao c\u1ea5p. Vi\u1ec7c san l\u1ea5p m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng k\u00e9m h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi in gi\u1ea5y t\u1ea9m thu\u1ed1c, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, gi\u1ea5y x\u00e9 d\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng. Vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea5y boa r\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf bao b\u00ec m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c trang tr\u00ed v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cao h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 khi in \u1ea5n c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea5y boa r\u00f4. Gi\u1ea5y tip \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean qua t\u1eebng n\u0103m. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">X\u00e9t v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i, gi\u1ea5y in ph\u1ee7 hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea5y ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1eafc \u00edn v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c, gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee5c l\u1ed7 t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 laser \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee5c l\u1ed7 laser s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n quan tr\u1ecdng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Ngo\u00e0i ra, gi\u1ea5y boa r\u00f4 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3 cho thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>3) Gi\u1ea5y thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, gi\u1ea5y thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 chi\u1ebfm v\u1ecb tr\u00ed cao trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y l\u1ee5a, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trong ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1. Tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Gi\u1ea5y thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u00f9i; n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eafng, \u0111\u1ed9 tho\u00e1ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o, gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"> N\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edd nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ebfu thu\u1ed1c ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1edf sau khi l\u00e0m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u00e1y trong b\u00f3ng r\u00e2m, khi cu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ebfu, khi \u0111\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ch\u1ea3y ra ngo\u00e0i, m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng x\u00e1m, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng ch\u1eb7t th\u00e0nh tro. B\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u0129a ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eb5n v\u00e0 s\u1ea1ch, g\u00e2n gi\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, s\u1edd tay v\u00e0o th\u1ea5y m\u1ec1m. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ebfu l\u00ean cao c\u1ea5p, ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u1eaft khe h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea5y thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 nh\u01b0 sau.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 1.000 \u0111i\u1ebfu \/ ph\u00fat v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 l\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng 10.000 \u0111i\u1ebfu \/ ph\u00fat v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u1ea5y trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cu\u1ed1n thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hao h\u1ee5t thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 v\u1ee5n. Gi\u1ea5y thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 v\u00e0 que l\u1ecdc, g\u00e2y l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed th\u1eddi gian cu\u1ed1n thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng l\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea5y thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Gi\u1ea5y thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng k\u00eanh quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 than c\u1ed1c. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1eafc \u00edn trong thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u00e1 thu\u1ed1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 th\u00eam \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ecdc v\u00e0o thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ecdc kh\u00f3i, c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 tho\u00e1ng kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea5y thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho kh\u00f3i thu\u1ed1c lo\u00e3ng ra v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y. Ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ebfu thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed9n b\u1eb1ng thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 v\u1ee5n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5m cao m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1eafc \u00edn v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n x\u00ec thu\u1ed1c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cu\u1ed9n thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n gi\u1ea5y thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 c\u0169ng quay v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n xoay v\u00e0 bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh quay, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ee9t d\u1ea3i gi\u1ea5y do \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m g\u00e2y ra c\u1ee7a m\u00e9p gi\u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cu\u1ed9n thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 di\u1ec5n ra su\u00f4n s\u1ebb. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9n thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u00e1y r\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 r\u1ea1ch ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ecdc cao c\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ean trong t\u1ed1t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, trang tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ebfu thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea5y thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb9p m\u1eaft, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trong c\u1ee7a g\u00e2n gi\u1ea5y thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u01b0\u1eddn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00e1n ch\u00ecm v\u00e0 s\u01b0\u1eddn b\u00e1n kh\u00f4 sang c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u1edbt, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e9t c\u1ee7a s\u01b0\u1eddn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Gi\u1ea5y da th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt (gi\u1ea5y axit sunfuric)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Gi\u1ea5y da th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 qua x\u1eed l\u00fd bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y d\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u1eeb s\u1ee3i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng axit sulfuric. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y trong m\u1edd, c\u00f3 \u00edt l\u1ed7 ch\u00e2n l\u00f4ng, gi\u1ea5y dai v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch qu\u00e9t s\u00e1p, tr\u00e1ng ph\u1ee7, d\u1eadp n\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m nh\u0103n. B\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1edbi gi\u1ea5y truy t\u00ecm.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">V\u00ec l\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y m\u1edd n\u00ean gi\u1ea5y axit sunfuric th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea5y l\u00f3t v\u00f2ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea5y l\u00f3t cho s\u00e1ch trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi xu h\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f4i khi n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m trang ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c album \u1ea3nh. V\u00e0ng, b\u1ea1c ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y axit\u00a0 sulfuric, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c album \u1ea3nh cao c\u1ea5p.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">2. Gi\u1ea5y t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p (gi\u1ea5y polyme v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y nh\u1ef1a)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Gi\u1ea5y t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb nh\u1ef1a t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p (nh\u01b0 PP, PE, PS, &#8230;) l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh, sau m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y, \u0111\u00f9n v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u00e0ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00e0nh gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eafng c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, \u0110\u1ed9 m\u1edd v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng in c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, gi\u1ea5y t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i: m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p s\u1ee3i, v\u00e0 hai l\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p d\u1ea1ng phim.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Gi\u1ea5y t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec gi\u1ea5y s\u1ee3i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u00f3i chung. Gi\u1ea5y t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ph\u1ee7 phim \u0111\u00e3 gia nh\u1eadp th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea5y in ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y in kh\u00e1c nhau. Gi\u1ea5y t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea5y t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 m\u00e0ng. N\u1ebfu s\u00e1ch, qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o, s\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, v.v. in tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Gi\u1ea5y t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t in tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng &#8220;v\u1ee1 gi\u1ea5y&#8221; trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh in; b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea5y t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng l\u1ed3i v\u00e0 l\u00f5m r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u00edch r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u cho vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edd v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng in; t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u00e2m s\u1eafc m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb l\u00e3o h\u00f3a. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng in c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea5y t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong H\u00ecnh 3. \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng in offset l\u00e0 n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ef1c in offset tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">3. Gi\u1ea5y in n\u1ed5i<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>(1) \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea5y d\u1eadp n\u1ed5i<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1eadp n\u1ed5i c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea5y crepe, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea5y ho\u1eb7c b\u00eca c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u1edbi c\u00e1c hoa v\u0103n l\u1ed3i l\u00f5m. Gi\u1ea5y in n\u1ed5i gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trang tr\u00ed b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u1eadp n\u1ed5i, l\u00e0m cho gi\u1ea5y c\u00f3 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"> Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, vi\u1ec7c in n\u1ed5i tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gi\u1ea5y in ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y nhu\u1ed9m m\u00e0u nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea5y offset, gi\u1ea5y tr\u00e1ng, gi\u1ea5y b\u00eca tr\u1eafng, b\u00eca c\u1ee9ng tr\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in n\u1ed5i (hoa v\u0103n) tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi in. n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y c\u0169ng mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng cao h\u01a1n cho vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1n gi\u1ea5y. Nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m bao b\u00ec d\u1ebbo th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eadp n\u1ed5i tr\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c sau khi in \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a bao b\u00ec, trang tr\u00ed v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a. Do \u0111\u00f3, d\u1eadp n\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd gi\u1ea5y quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>(2) Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd gi\u1ea5y d\u1eadp n\u1ed5i<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">C\u00f3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd cho gi\u1ea5y d\u1eadp n\u1ed5i. M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 sau khi gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, hoa v\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh gi\u1ea5y n\u1ed5i, hai l\u00e0 sau khi gi\u1ea5y th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u00e1y d\u1eadp n\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00eam, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e9p b\u1eb1ng hai con l\u0103n, m\u1ed9t trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc V\u1edbi hoa v\u0103n n\u1ed5i, gi\u1ea5y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in n\u1ed5i sau khi \u0111i qua. Do th\u1edb c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea5y in n\u1ed5i s\u1eabm m\u00e0u h\u01a1n n\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 in n\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea5y.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>(3) C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u1eadp n\u1ed5i<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">D\u1eadp n\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i: d\u1eadp n\u1ed5i theo b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 d\u1eadp n\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng theo b\u1ed9. C\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00e9p n\u1ed5i overprint l\u00e0 \u00e9p h\u00ecnh b\u00f4ng hoa in th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh l\u1ed3i l\u00f5m theo h\u00ecnh b\u00f4ng hoa in, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed3ng l\u00ean, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trang tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb9p m\u1eaft.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1eadp n\u1ed5i, h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft n\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft in, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft n\u1ed5i. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1ea3i, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111an ch\u00e9o, s\u1ecdc th\u1eb3ng, l\u01b0\u1edbi Yalian, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1ecf cam, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eb3ng, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u01b0\u1edbi kim, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh da tr\u1ee9ng, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh bao, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh k\u1ebb s\u1ecdc, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh da, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh da \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1ea3i lanh, s\u1ecdc b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng. In n\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng in \u0111\u00e8 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong gi\u1ea5y in n\u1ed5i, gi\u1ea5y s\u00e1ch tr\u00e1ng, gi\u1ea5y s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf, gi\u1ea5y t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nh\u1ef1a, gi\u1ea5y da th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u trang tr\u00ed kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft gi\u1ea5y in n\u1ed5i trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb gi\u1ea5y offset v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y b\u00eca tr\u1eafng. B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u00f4 r\u00e1p, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u00eca s\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c album h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, trang ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1, vv \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1 t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">4. Gi\u1ea5y hoa v\u0103n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 in kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm phong c\u00e1ch s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt. Nhi\u1ec1u khi gi\u1ea5y hoa v\u0103n l\u00e0 l\u1edbp \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng tr\u00ean b\u00e1nh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y cao c\u1ea5p khi s\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ebd m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb9p v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, khi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m c\u00e0ng qu\u00fd ph\u00e1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p m\u1eaft. Gi\u1ea5y in hoa v\u0103n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang, gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh cao h\u01a1n gi\u1ea5y th\u01b0\u1eddng. Gi\u1ea5y hoa v\u0103n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>(1) Gi\u1ea5y l\u01b0\u1edbi<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">L\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u v\u00e0o gi\u1ea5y. Quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e8n v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5y. Gi\u1ea5y \u01b0\u1edbt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t gi\u1eefa hai t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i flannel m\u1ec1m th\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i flannel s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 hai m\u1eb7t. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea5y s\u1ecdc Gangu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1edbi kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t hoa v\u0103n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a b\u00f4ng n\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u m\u1ec1m h\u01a1n, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 dai, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i v\u00e0 in \u1ea5n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>(2) Gi\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng c\u1ed5<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda y\u00eau th\u00edch lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y tr\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao v\u00e0 y\u00eau th\u00edch c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u1ea5m \u00e1p v\u00e0 phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y n\u00e0y. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n s\u00e1ch c\u0169ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea5y b\u1ec1n h\u01a1n, \u01b0u ti\u00ean gi\u1ea5y t\u01b0\u01a1i v\u00e0 c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 in \u1ea5n nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7u c\u1ed5 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 trang nh\u00e3.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>(3) Ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang r\u1ea5t th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh, gi\u1ea5y l\u1ed1m \u0111\u1ed1m ra \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u00eam c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0o b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y. Tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, n\u1ebfu s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec3m nhi\u1ec5u tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ebd l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda v\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, c\u00f2n n\u1ebfu qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c b\u1ea9n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"> Tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y pha t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 pha th\u00eam t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 qu\u1eb7ng, tuy\u1ebft, c\u00e1nh hoa\u2026.C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m th\u00eam thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1ed1m \u0111\u1ed1m gi\u1ea5y ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng gi\u1ea5y da. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn, b\u00eca s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u1ea5u \u0103n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 danh s\u00e1ch r\u01b0\u1ee3u. Do gi\u1ea5y c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00ean c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0m lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y \u01b0a th\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 in \u1ea5n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh b\u00e1o c\u00e1o th\u01b0\u1eddng ni\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty ni\u00eam y\u1ebft, v.v., c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>(4) Gi\u1ea5y hoa v\u0103n kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1ng ph\u1ee7<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 in v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1ng ph\u1ee7, \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c t\u1ed1t. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb9p, ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u in ph\u1ea3i cao c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 l\u1ed9ng l\u1eaby. K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea5y anilox kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng in c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea5y tr\u00e1ng l\u00e0 chi\u1ebft trung. C\u1ea3 hai m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u00fat n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea5y, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ef1c in v\u1eabn c\u00f2n tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gi\u1ea5y, gi\u00fap k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a m\u1ef1c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. D\u00f2ng gi\u1ea5y ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n kim lo\u1ea1i ng\u1ecdc trai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo c\u00e1c g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng sau khi in s\u1ebd t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>(5) Gi\u1ea5y Ganggu<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Lo\u1ea1i <span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><a style=\"color: #ff6600;\" href=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/giay-my-thuat\/\">gi\u1ea5y m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/a><\/span> \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u Ganggu, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1888, ban \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh m\u1edd L\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i London CONQUEROR, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh m\u1edd Hi\u1ec7p s\u0129 c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng Anh cho \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990. H\u00ecnh m\u1edd \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c Gi\u1ea5y m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadtPh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt &#8211; gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\u00a0S\u1ed5 tay b\u00eca c\u1ee9ngGi\u1ea5y v\u0103n h\u00f3aL\u1edbp gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3iGi\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t: M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y kh\u00e1cV\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ngGi\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e1y.Gi\u1ea5y n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea5yL\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7:\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7pGi\u1ea5y d\u00f9ng trong y t\u1ebfC\u00e1c &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/giay-my-thuat\/\" class=\"more-link\">\u0110\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Gi\u1ea5y m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt &#8211; Gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":3480,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"yoast_head":"\n<title>Gi\u1ea5y m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt - 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