<\/span><\/h4>\nC\u00e1c thanh \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 nh\u00f4m th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong d\u00e2y ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 lu\u1ed3n qua m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ed7 khu\u00f4n c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n, t\u0103ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n. V\u1ebd l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng ty d\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00e1p v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u1edbp khu\u00f4n.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/span>2. \u1ee6 s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y ngu\u1ed3n<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\nKhi s\u1ee3i \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 nh\u00f4m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i c\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i c\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft tinh l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u00f5i d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n. Ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u1ee7 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/span>3. Bu\u1ed9c d\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n\u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t, l\u00f5i d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch xo\u1eafn nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ee3i \u0111\u01a1n. T\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p xo\u1eafn c\u1ee7a l\u00f5i d\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia th\u00e0nh xo\u1eafn th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 xo\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u. S\u1ee3i kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh s\u1ee3i b\u00f3, s\u1ee3i h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e2m v\u00e0 s\u1ee3i b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m di\u1ec7n t\u00edch chi\u1ebfm d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y d\u1eabn v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n, d\u00e2y d\u1eabn m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e9n l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh b\u00e1n nguy\u1ec7t, h\u00ecnh qu\u1ea1t, h\u00ecnh ng\u00f3i v\u00e0 v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n n\u00e9n. Lo\u1ea1i d\u00e2y d\u1eabn n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/span>4. \u0110\u00f9n c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\nD\u00e2y ngu\u1ed3n nh\u1ef1a ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u1eafn \u00e9p \u0111\u00f9n. C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u00f9n:<\/span><\/p>\n\n- 1) \u0110\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch t\u00e2m: Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f9n l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tay ngh\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00f9n.<\/span><\/li>\n
- 2) B\u00f4i tr\u01a1n: B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f9n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00e9m nh\u01b0 b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i th\u00f4 r\u00e1p, ch\u00e1y x\u00e9m v\u00e0 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/li>\n
- 3) M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9: M\u1eb7t c\u1eaft c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u00e9p \u0111\u00f9n ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7 kim c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bong b\u00f3ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/span>5. D\u00e2y ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f3 d\u00e2y<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2y ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u1ec1u l\u00f5i, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y ngu\u1ed3n, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i xo\u1eafn ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf xo\u1eafn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 xo\u1eafn d\u00e2y d\u1eabn, b\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u01b0\u1edbc xo\u1eafn l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ch\u00fang \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng xo\u1eafn ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1p: Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, xo\u1eafn c\u00e1p do xo\u1eafn l\u00f5i d\u00e2y c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m x\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/p>\nH\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1p c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi hai qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1p: m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00f2n v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1p sau khi c\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh; hai l\u00e0 b\u00f3 l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng l\u00f5i c\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u1ecfng.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/span>6. V\u1ecf b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y ngu\u1ed3n<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n\u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u00f5i c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng l\u1edbp gi\u00e1p, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc b\u00ean trong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh: v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc b\u00ean trong \u00e9p \u0111\u00f9n (\u00e1o c\u00e1ch ly) v\u00e0 v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc b\u00ean trong b\u1ecdc (l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec7m). Vi\u1ec7c thay th\u1ebf b\u0103ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec7m qu\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i c\u00e1p.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/span>7. \u00c1o gi\u00e1p d\u00e2y ngu\u1ed3n<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\nN\u1eb1m trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1ea7m, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u b\u1ecdc th\u00e9p b\u0103ng b\u00ean trong. D\u00e2y ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf n\u01a1i v\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u0103ng (nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u1ee5c th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 r\u01a1i l\u1edbn).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/span>8. V\u1ecf b\u1ecdc b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y ngu\u1ed3n<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\nV\u1ecf b\u1ecdc b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y ngu\u1ed3n kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y ngu\u1ed3n, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 b\u00e0o m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, ch\u1ed1ng \u1ea9m, ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u00fap d\u00e2y ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ch\u00e1y. Theo c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y ngu\u1ed3n, v\u1ecf nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e1y \u0111\u00f9n \u00e9p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<\/span><\/p>\n