{"id":4049,"date":"2022-11-23T10:50:40","date_gmt":"2022-11-23T03:50:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/?post_type=product&#038;p=4049"},"modified":"2023-09-05T17:37:03","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T10:37:03","slug":"ong-thep","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/ong-thep\/","title":{"rendered":"\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p Ho\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_27 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy counter-decimal ez-toc-grey\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"display: none;\"><label for=\"item\" aria-label=\"Table of Content\"><i class=\"ez-toc-glyphicon ez-toc-icon-toggle\"><\/i><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class=\"ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1\"><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/ong-thep\/#Ong_thep_Hoa_Phat\" title=\"\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p Ho\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t\">\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p Ho\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t<\/a><ul class=\"ez-toc-list-level-3\"><li class=\"ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/ong-thep\/#Phuong_thuc_san_xuat_ong_thep_Hoa_Phat\" title=\"Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p Ho\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p Ho\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t<\/a><ul class=\"ez-toc-list-level-4\"><li class=\"ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/ong-thep\/#Phan_loai_vat_lieu\" title=\"Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u\">Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/ong-thep\/#Phan_loai_kieu_ket_noi\" title=\"Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec3u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i\">Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec3u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/ong-thep\/#Phan_loai_dac_tinh_lop_phu\" title=\"Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7\">Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/ong-thep\/#Phan_loai_theo_cong_dung_ong_thep_Hoa_Phat\" title=\"Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p Ho\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t\">Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p Ho\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/ong-thep\/#Phan_loai_hinh_dang_phan\" title=\"Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea7n\">Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea7n<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/ong-thep\/#Kiem_tra_thanh_phan_Broadcast\" title=\"Ki\u1ec3m tra th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n Broadcast\">Ki\u1ec3m tra th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n Broadcast<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/ong-thep\/#Phuong_phap_san_xuat_ong_thep_lien_mach_va_ong_thep_han\" title=\"Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p h\u00e0n\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p h\u00e0n<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/ong-thep\/#Thong_so_ky_thuat_ong_thep_Hoa_Phat\" title=\"Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p Ho\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t\">Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p Ho\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t<\/a><ul class=\"ez-toc-list-level-4\"><li class=\"ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/ong-thep\/#Thong_so_ky_thuat\" title=\"Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt: \">Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt: <\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/ong-thep\/#Chat_luong_be_ngoai\" title=\"Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i:\">Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i:<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/ong-thep\/#Kich_thuoc_ong_thep_Hoa_Phat\" title=\"K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p Ho\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t:\">K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p Ho\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t:<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/ong-thep\/#Do_lech_va_dung_sai\" title=\"\u0110\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch v\u00e0 dung sai:\">\u0110\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch v\u00e0 dung sai:<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/ong-thep\/#Chieu_dai_giao_hang\" title=\"Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i giao h\u00e0ng:\">Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i giao h\u00e0ng:<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/ong-thep\/#Do_day_tuong_khong_dong_deu\" title=\"\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y t\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u:\">\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y t\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u:<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/ong-thep\/#Elip\" title=\"Elip:\">Elip:<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/ong-thep\/#Do_cong\" title=\"\u0110\u1ed9 cong:\">\u0110\u1ed9 cong:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/ong-thep\/#San_xuat_ong_thep_han\" title=\"S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p h\u00e0n\">S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p h\u00e0n<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ong_thep_Hoa_Phat\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #008000; font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p Ho\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t<\/strong><\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p Ho\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t c\u00f3 ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n r\u1ed7ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c chu vi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Theo h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n, h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng, h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t; theo v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u carbon, \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u1ee3p kim th\u1ea5p, \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim v\u00e0 th\u00e9p composite \u1ed1ng. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><img src=\"https:\/\/mangpe.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/12.gif\" \/><em><strong>Qu\u00fd kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/strong><\/em> <span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><a style=\"color: #ff6600;\" href=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/ong-teflon\/\">\u1ed0ng teflon<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p cho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec7t, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a d\u1ea7u, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, khoan \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao; theo quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p h\u00e0n, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i (k\u00e9o). Hai lo\u1ea1i, \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p h\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p h\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p h\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 b\u1ed9t, trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u01a1 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kinh t\u1ebf. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1edbi k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u t\u00f2a nh\u00e0, tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 c\u01a1 kh\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m 20-40% kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u00e9p v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4051\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4051\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-4051 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ong-thep-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ong-thep-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ong-thep-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ong-thep-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ong-thep-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ong-thep-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ong-thep.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4051\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phuong_thuc_san_xuat_ong_thep_Hoa_Phat\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p Ho\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t<\/strong><\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t: \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p h\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p h\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 \u1ed1ng h\u00e0n.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong>\u261e<\/strong><\/em><\/span>Theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh: \u1ed1ng li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng, \u1ed1ng k\u00e9o ngu\u1ed9i, \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, \u1ed1ng gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t, \u1ed1ng k\u00e9o s\u1ee3i l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng \u00e9p \u0111\u00f9n. \u1ed0ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p carbon ho\u1eb7c th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i (k\u00e9o).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong>\u261e<\/strong><\/em><\/span>\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p h\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng h\u00e0n l\u00f2, \u1ed1ng h\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf (h\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf) v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng h\u00e0n h\u1ed3 quang t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u1ed1ng h\u00e0n tr\u00f2n v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng h\u00e0n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t (vu\u00f4ng, ph\u1eb3ng, v.v.) \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong>\u261e<\/strong><\/em><\/span>\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p h\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p cu\u1ed9n, theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p h\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c, \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p h\u00e0n cu\u1ed9n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ed1ng h\u00e0n. \u1ed0ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed. \u1ed0ng h\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t, \u1ed1ng s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m, \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n&#8230;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4052\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4052\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-4052 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ong-thep-ma-kem-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ong-thep-ma-kem-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ong-thep-ma-kem-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ong-thep-ma-kem-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ong-thep-ma-kem-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ong-thep-ma-kem.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4052\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phan_loai_vat_lieu\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong>\u261e<\/strong><\/em><\/span>\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng carbon, \u1ed1ng h\u1ee3p kim, \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9&#8230;theo v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u1ed1ng (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong>\u261e<\/strong><\/em><\/span>\u1ed0ng carbon c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p carbon th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u carbon ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong>\u261e<\/strong><\/em><\/span>\u1ed0ng h\u1ee3p kim c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh: \u1ed1ng h\u1ee3p kim th\u1ea5p, \u1ed1ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u1ee3p kim, \u1ed1ng h\u1ee3p kim cao v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao. \u1ed0ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c, \u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu axit, \u1ed1ng h\u1ee3p kim ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 h\u1ee3p kim Kovar) v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng h\u1ee3p kim nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4053\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4053\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-4053 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ong-thep-ton-ma-kem-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p t\u00f4n m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ong-thep-ton-ma-kem-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ong-thep-ton-ma-kem-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ong-thep-ton-ma-kem-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4053\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p t\u00f4n m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phan_loai_kieu_ket_noi\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec3u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/strong><\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong>\u261e<\/strong><\/em><\/span>\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ed1ng: \u1ed1ng tr\u01a1n (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ren \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ed1ng) v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng ren (c\u00f3 ren \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ed1ng).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong>\u261e<\/strong><\/em><\/span>\u1ed0ng ren \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh: \u1ed1ng ren th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng ren d\u00e0y \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong>\u261e<\/strong><\/em><\/span>\u1ed0ng ren d\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh: \u1ed1ng d\u00e0y b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i (c\u00f3 ren ngo\u00e0i), \u1ed1ng d\u00e0y b\u00ean trong (c\u00f3 ren trong) v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng d\u00e0y b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i (c\u00f3 ren trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng ren m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong>\u261e<\/strong><\/em><\/span>C\u00e1c \u1ed1ng ren c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng ren theo lo\u1ea1i ren: ren h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh n\u00f3n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ren \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong>\u261e<\/strong><\/em><\/span>Ngo\u00e0i ra, theo nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng ren th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i \u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4054\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4054\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-4054 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ong-thep-den-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p \u0111en\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ong-thep-den-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ong-thep-den-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ong-thep-den-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ong-thep-den-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ong-thep-den.jpg 680w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4054\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p \u0111en<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phan_loai_dac_tinh_lop_phu\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7<\/strong><\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong>\u261e<\/strong><\/em><\/span>\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng \u0111en (kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1ng) v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng tr\u00e1ng theo \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong>\u261e<\/strong><\/em><\/span>\u1ed0ng tr\u00e1ng bao g\u1ed3m \u1ed1ng m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm, \u1ed1ng m\u1ea1 nh\u00f4m, \u1ed1ng m\u1ea1 cr\u00f4m, \u1ed1ng tr\u00e1ng nh\u00f4m v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p c\u00f3 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp h\u1ee3p kim kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong>\u261e<\/strong><\/em><\/span>\u1ed0ng tr\u00e1ng bao g\u1ed3m \u1ed1ng tr\u00e1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, \u1ed1ng tr\u00e1ng b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng tr\u00e1ng b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. C\u00e1c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1ef1a, nh\u1ef1a epoxy, nh\u1ef1a epoxy nh\u1ef1a than \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee7y tinh kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong>\u261e<\/strong><\/em><\/span>\u1ed0ng m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh: \u1ed1ng KBG, \u1ed1ng JDG, \u1ed1ng ren&#8230;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4055\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4055\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-4055 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ong-thep-chong-gi-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ong-thep-chong-gi-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ong-thep-chong-gi-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ong-thep-chong-gi-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ong-thep-chong-gi.jpg 468w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4055\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phan_loai_theo_cong_dung_ong_thep_Hoa_Phat\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p Ho\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t<\/strong><\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u25c6<\/span>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng: Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t, \u1ed1ng li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng x\u0103ng d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ee5c d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed. V\u00f2i t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 v\u00f2i t\u01b0\u1edbi phun s\u01b0\u01a1ng&#8230;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u25c6<\/span>\u1ed0ng d\u1eabn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec7t: Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng h\u01a1i qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t cho n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i n\u00f3i chung, \u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t cho n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y, \u1ed1ng kh\u00f3i l\u1edbn, \u1ed1ng kh\u00f3i nh\u1ecf, \u1ed1ng g\u1ea1ch v\u00f2m, \u1ed1ng n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u25c6<\/span>\u1ed0ng cho ng\u00e0nh m\u00e1y m\u00f3c: V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u1ed1ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng (\u1ed1ng tr\u00f2n, \u1ed1ng h\u00ecnh b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c, \u1ed1ng h\u00ecnh b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c ph\u1eb3ng), \u1ed1ng n\u1eeda tr\u1ee5c \u00f4 t\u00f4, \u1ed1ng tr\u1ee5c, \u1ed1ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u m\u00e1y k\u00e9o \u00f4 t\u00f4, \u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t d\u1ea7u m\u00e1y k\u00e9o, \u1ed1ng vu\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt cho m\u00e1y n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn th\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u00f2ng bi.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u25c6<\/span>\u1ed0ng khoan \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed: Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u1ed1ng khoan d\u1ea7u, \u1ed1ng khoan d\u1ea7u (\u1ed1ng khoan kelly v\u00e0 l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c), gi\u1eafc khoan, \u1ed1ng d\u1ea7u, v\u1ecf d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i \u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, \u1ed1ng khoan \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t (\u1ed1ng l\u00f5i, v\u1ecf, \u1ed1ng khoan ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, gi\u1eafc khoan, b\u1eb1ng v\u00f2ng v\u00e0 kh\u1edbp ch\u1ed1t, v.v.).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u25c6<\/span>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng cho ng\u00e0nh h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t: V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu axit kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao cho ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc&#8230;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u25c6<\/span>Do b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u1ed1ng cho b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a (\u1ed1ng cho b\u00ecnh kh\u00ed \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a chung), \u1ed1ng cho d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, \u1ed1ng cho v\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3, \u1ed1ng cho kim ti\u00eam v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf&#8230;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4056\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4056\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-4056 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ong-thep-han-den-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p h\u00e0n \u0111en\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ong-thep-han-den-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ong-thep-han-den-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ong-thep-han-den-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ong-thep-han-den-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ong-thep-han-den-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ong-thep-han-den.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4056\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p h\u00e0n \u0111en<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phan_loai_hinh_dang_phan\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea7n<\/strong><\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i. N\u00f3i chung, c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u1ed1ng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p tr\u00f2n v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t theo h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang. \u1ed0ng th\u00e9p h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f2n kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u25c6<\/span>\u1ed0ng vu\u00f4ng<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u25c6<\/span>\u1ed0ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u25c6<\/span>\u1ed0ng b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u25c6<\/span>\u1ed0ng h\u00ecnh b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c ph\u1eb3ng<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u25c6<\/span>\u1ed0ng b\u00e1n nguy\u1ec7t<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u25c6<\/span>\u1ed0ng l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u25c6<\/span>\u1ed0ng l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c b\u00ean trong<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u25c6<\/span>Quy m\u00f4 \u1ed1ng l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u25c6<\/span>\u1ed0ng tam gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u25c6<\/span>\u1ed0ng hoa m\u1eadn ng\u0169 gi\u00e1c<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u25c6<\/span>\u1ed0ng b\u00e1t gi\u00e1c<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u25c6<\/span>\u1ed0ng d\u1eadp n\u1ed5i<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u25c6<\/span>\u1ed0ng hai m\u1eb7t l\u1ed3i<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u25c6<\/span>\u1ed0ng l\u00f5m \u0111\u00f4i<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u25c6<\/span>\u1ed0ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u00f5m<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u25c6<\/span>\u1ed0ng h\u1ea1t d\u01b0a<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u25c6<\/span>\u1ed0ng ph\u1eb3ng<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u25c6<\/span>\u1ed0ng kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u25c6<\/span>\u1ed0ng sao<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u25c6<\/span>\u1ed0ng h\u00ecnh b\u00ecnh h\u00e0nh<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u25c6<\/span>\u1ed0ng g\u00e2n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u25c6<\/span>\u1ed0ng nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u25c6<\/span>\u1ed0ng v\u00e2y b\u00ean trong<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u25c6<\/span>\u1ed0ng xo\u1eafn<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u25c6<\/span>\u1ed0ng lo\u1ea1i B<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u25c6<\/span>\u1ed0ng lo\u1ea1i D v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Theo h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft d\u1ecdc, \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh: \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p c\u00f3 ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng nhau v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p c\u00f3 ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \u1ed0ng th\u00e9p c\u00f3 ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i (ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i) d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng d\u1ecdc theo chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"> N\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m: \u1ed1ng c\u00f4n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, \u1ed1ng c\u00f4n b\u00ean trong, \u1ed1ng b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, \u1ed1ng b\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00ean trong, \u1ed1ng ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3, \u1ed1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3n s\u00f3ng, \u1ed1ng xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c, \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p c\u00f3 v\u00e2y l\u00e0m m\u00e1t v\u00e0 n\u00f2ng s\u00fang c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f4i.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4057\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4057\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-4057 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ong-thep-vuong-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p vu\u00f4ng\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ong-thep-vuong-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ong-thep-vuong-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ong-thep-vuong-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ong-thep-vuong-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ong-thep-vuong.jpg 717w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4057\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p vu\u00f4ng<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kiem_tra_thanh_phan_Broadcast\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>Ki\u1ec3m tra th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n Broadcast<\/strong><\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u2713<\/strong><\/span>GB3087-2008 &#8220;\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch cho n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 trung b\u00ecnh&#8221;. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan trong GB222-84 v\u00e0 GB223 &#8220;Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a s\u1eaft, th\u00e9p v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim&#8221;.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u2713<\/strong><\/span>GB\/T5310-2008 &#8220;\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch cho n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao&#8221;. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan trong GB222-84 v\u00e0 &#8220;Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a s\u1eaft, th\u00e9p v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim&#8221; v\u00e0 GB223 &#8220;Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a s\u1eaft, th\u00e9p v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim&#8221;.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u2713<\/strong><\/span>Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4065\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4065\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-4065 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/phan-phoi-ong-thep-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/phan-phoi-ong-thep-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/phan-phoi-ong-thep-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/phan-phoi-ong-thep-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/phan-phoi-ong-thep.jpg 357w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4065\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p h\u00e0n. Quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 \u0111eo ph\u00f4i r\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c ph\u00f4i th\u00e9p v\u00e0o mao qu\u1ea3n r\u1ed7ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 cu\u1ed9n th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1n kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch kh\u00e1c nhau. Quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p h\u00e0n l\u00e0 u\u1ed1n ph\u00f4i \u1ed1ng (th\u00e9p t\u1ea5m ho\u1eb7c th\u00e9p d\u1ea3i) th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0n c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p. Do c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p h\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u00e9p \u0111\u00f9n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim cao c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo th\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng kim lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee5c l\u1ed7. C\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i v\u00e0 k\u00e9o ngu\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh m\u1ecfng. Quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cao, chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1eebng ng\u00e0y. Xem b\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p h\u00e0n.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phuong_phap_san_xuat_ong_thep_lien_mach_va_ong_thep_han\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p h\u00e0n<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sa\u0309n xu\u1ea5t<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Quy tr\u00ecnh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a0Quy tr\u00ecnh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sa\u0309n xu\u1ea5t<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">xuy\u00ean<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9n<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Tr\u00ean m\u00e1y c\u00e1n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">l\u0103n<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Ph\u00f4i \u1ed1ng tr\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd trong m\u00e1y x\u1ecf l\u1ed7 hai cu\u1ed9n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">th\u1ee7ng<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Trong m\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n hai tr\u1ee5c c\u00f3 tr\u1ee5c quay<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">C\u00e1n v\u1edbi ph\u00edch c\u1eafm ng\u1eafn tr\u00ean m\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n \u1ed1ng<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Tr\u00ean m\u00e1y c\u00e1n chu k\u1ef3<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">l\u0103n<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Th\u1ecfi th\u00e9p tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c ph\u00f4i hai cu\u1ed9n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">X\u1ecf l\u1ed7 tr\u00ean m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ed9t d\u1eadp;<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">th\u1ecfi vu\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111a gi\u00e1c trong n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">th\u1ee7ng tr\u00ean b\u00e1o ch\u00ed<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Trong chu tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">C\u00e1n tr\u1ee5c g\u00e1 d\u00e0i tr\u00ean m\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n \u1ed1ng<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Trong nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u00e1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">c\u00e1n tr\u00ean<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng \u1ed1ng tr\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd \u1edf d\u1ea1ng ba cu\u1ed9n ho\u1eb7c hai cu\u1ed9n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">X\u1ecf l\u1ed7 tr\u00ean m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ed9t d\u1eadp;<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Ph\u00f4i \u0111\u00fac li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c ph\u00f4i th\u00e9p vu\u00f4ng l\u00e0m hai<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Th\u1ee7ng tr\u00ean m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ee5c l\u1ed7 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c con l\u0103n<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">D\u00e0i tr\u00ean 7-9 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u00e1n \u1ed1ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">tr\u1ee5c g\u00e1 c\u00e1n;<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">V\u1edbi gi\u1ea3m c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Tr\u00ean m\u00e1y c\u00e1n ba tr\u1ee5c<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">l\u0103n<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Ph\u00f4i \u1ed1ng tr\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd trong m\u00e1y x\u1ecf l\u1ed7 hai cu\u1ed9n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">th\u1ee7ng tr\u00ean;<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">T\u1ea5m \u0111\u00fac li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong m\u00e1y xuy\u00ean ba tr\u1ee5c<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">th\u1ee7ng<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i d\u1ea3i tr\u00ean m\u00e1y c\u00e1n ngang ba tr\u1ee5c<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">tr\u1ee5c g\u00e1 l\u0103n<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Tr\u00ean nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">l\u0103n<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">X\u1ecf khuy\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc khuy\u00ean hai cu\u1ed9n<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">V\u1edbi con l\u0103n d\u1eabn h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng h\u00ecnh \u0111\u0129a<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">M\u00e1y c\u00e1n nghi\u00eang hai chi\u1ec1u cao v\u1edbi tr\u1ee5c g\u00e1 d\u00e0i<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">l\u0103n<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Trong nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u00e1n h\u00e0nh tinh<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">c\u00e1n tr\u00ean<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u0110\u00fac ph\u00f4i \u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">L\u0103n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y h\u00e0nh tinh<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p h\u00e0n<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sa\u0309n xu\u00e2t<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Quy tr\u00ecnh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">xuy\u00ean<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9n<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u1ed1ng n\u00e2ng<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u0110\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh len h\u00ecnh c\u1ed1c tr\u00ean m\u00e1y \u00e9p th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u1ed0ng<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9n<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f9n<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Sau khi ph\u00f4i \u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng tr\u00ean m\u00e1y \u0111\u00f9n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Phun ra<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u0110\u1eb7t tr\u00ean m\u00e1y k\u00edch \u1ed1ng<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed9n ho\u1eb7c r\u00fat ra<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u1ebd ngu\u1ed9i<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">M\u00e1y c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u1ed1ng c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">c\u00e1n tr\u00ean<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">H\u00e0n l\u00f2 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u1ed0ng tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng \u0111i qua khu\u00f4n \u1ed1ng h\u00e0n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u1ed1ng c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i trong l\u1ea1nh, k\u00e9o m\u00e1y<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0n b\u0103ng \u0111i\u00ea\u0323n tr\u01a1\u0309<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng \u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia nhi\u1ec7t \u1edf d\u1ea1ng cu\u1ed9n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">U\u1ed1n tr\u00ean m\u00e1y h\u00e0n<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">H\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 h\u00e0n<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">h\u00e0n h\u1ed3 quang<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">u\u1ed1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c tr\u00ean m\u00e1y c\u00e1n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng cong<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">H\u00e0n tr\u00ean m\u00e1y h\u00e0n \u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">h\u00e0n c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u00e9p n\u00e9n tr\u00ean m\u00e1y \u00e9p ho\u1eb7c<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">cu\u1ed9n tr\u00f2n tr\u00ean m\u00e1y u\u1ed1n cu\u1ed9n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Lo\u1ea1i (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng may th\u1eb3ng), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u00ean m\u00e1y \u0111\u00fac<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">U\u1ed1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">H\u00e0n tr\u00ean m\u00e1y h\u00e0n \u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ed3 quang ch\u00ecm<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">ch\u1ee5p l\u1ea5y<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thong_so_ky_thuat_ong_thep_Hoa_Phat\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p Ho\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t<\/strong><\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thong_so_ky_thuat\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt: <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u. N\u00f3i chung, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i bao g\u1ed3m lo\u1ea1i ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n (m\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i), \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh danh ngh\u0129a, tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng danh ngh\u0129a (kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng) c\u1ee7a thanh th\u00e9p, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb dung sai c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 tr\u00ean. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t lo\u1ea1t \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh danh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 8, 10, 12, 16, 20 v\u00e0 40mm. Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i: chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i. Ph\u1ea1m vi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i l\u00e0 6-12m v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u00e0 3,5-10m.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4058\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4058\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-4058 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/kho-chua-ong-thep-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Kho ch\u1ee9a \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/kho-chua-ong-thep-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/kho-chua-ong-thep-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/kho-chua-ong-thep-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/kho-chua-ong-thep-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/kho-chua-ong-thep-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/kho-chua-ong-thep-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/kho-chua-ong-thep.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4058\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Kho ch\u1ee9a \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chat_luong_be_ngoai\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i:<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong> \u2460<\/strong><\/span>Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n li\u00ean quan quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft th\u1eb3ng, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t, v\u1ebft s\u1eb9o v\u00e0 n\u1ebfp g\u1ea5p, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng; <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>\u2461<\/strong><\/span>Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb sai l\u1ec7ch k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i cho ph\u00e9p: C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 u\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a thanh th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n li\u00ean quan. Theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c gia, \u0111\u1ed9 u\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a thanh th\u00e9p th\u1eb3ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 6 mm\/m v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed9 u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 0,6% t\u1ed5ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a thanh th\u00e9p.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kich_thuoc_ong_thep_Hoa_Phat\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p Ho\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t:<\/strong><\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>A.<\/strong> K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc danh ngh\u0129a: \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc danh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t mong mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>B.<\/strong> K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: L\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc danh ngh\u0129a. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc danh ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sai l\u1ec7ch.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>C.<\/strong> Tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e9t: tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed7i m\u00e9t=0,02466*\u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u00e0nh*(\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i-\u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u00e0nh)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Do_lech_va_dung_sai\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch v\u00e0 dung sai:<\/strong><\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>A.<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch: Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, do k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc danh ngh\u0129a, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc danh ngh\u0129a n\u00ean ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc danh ngh\u0129a. N\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 d\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u00e2m, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch \u00e2m.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>B.<\/strong> Dung sai: T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb sai l\u1ec7ch d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 dung sai, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &#8220;v\u00f9ng dung sai&#8221;.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u0110\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng &#8220;d\u01b0\u01a1ng&#8221; ho\u1eb7c &#8220;\u00e2m&#8221;, dung sai kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng, v\u00ec v\u1eady g\u1ecdi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch l\u00e0 &#8220;dung sai d\u01b0\u01a1ng&#8221; ho\u1eb7c &#8220;dung sai \u00e2m&#8221; l\u00e0 sai.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chieu_dai_giao_hang\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i giao h\u00e0ng:<\/strong><\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0i giao h\u00e0ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh sau v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i giao h\u00e0ng:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>A.<\/strong> <\/span>\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng (c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh): B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i n\u00e0o n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i do ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u1ed1ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng (\u0111\u00f9n, gi\u00e3n n\u1edf) 3000mm ~ 12000mm; \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p k\u00e9o ngu\u1ed9i (c\u00e1n) 2000mm ~ 10500mm.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>B.<\/strong> <\/span>Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i theo chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i: Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i theo chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1eaft ra chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1eaft theo chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, v\u00ec v\u1eady ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb sai l\u1ec7ch d\u01b0\u01a1ng cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1eaft theo chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i. <\/span>T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng c\u1eaft theo chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. Ph\u1ea1m vi t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u0103ng kho\u1ea3ng 10% tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf gi\u00e1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>C.<\/strong><\/span> Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f4i: Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01a1n v\u00e0 b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 3000mm\u00d73, l\u00e0 b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a 3000mm , v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u00e0 9000mm). Trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, n\u00ean c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch d\u01b0\u01a1ng cho ph\u00e9p l\u00e0 20 mm v\u00e0o t\u1ed5ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i, c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng cho ph\u00e9p c\u1eaft n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho m\u1ed7i chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01a1n. L\u1ea5y \u1ed1ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u l\u00e0m v\u00ed d\u1ee5, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ec1 r\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 5-10mm \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i \u2264 159mm; 10-15mm \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i &gt; 159mm. <\/span>N\u1ebfu ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p c\u1eaft th\u00ec c\u1ea3 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ghi r\u00f5 trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng. Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nhau as that of the fixed-length length.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>D.<\/strong> <\/span>\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi: \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ghi r\u00f5 trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng. <\/span>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 3000-12000mm, trong khi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 6000-8000mm ho\u1eb7c 8000-10000mm. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo h\u01a1n chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1eddng cao h\u01a1n kho\u1ea3ng 4% so v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Do_day_tuong_khong_dong_deu\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y t\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u:<\/strong><\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ed1ng nhau \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ch quan l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng nhau tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang v\u00e0 th\u00e2n \u1ed1ng d\u1ecdc, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u. \u0110\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 cho ph\u00e9p v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 80% dung sai \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n sau khi th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua).<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Elip\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>Elip:<\/strong><\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">C\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng nhau tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p tr\u00f2n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u1edbi nhau, khi \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh elip (ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f2n). \u0110\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 \u00f4 van, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9 \u00f4 van cho ph\u00e9p, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 80% dung sai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n sau khi th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua).<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Do_cong\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 cong:<\/strong><\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c u\u1ed1n cong theo chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 cong. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 u\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">A. \u0110\u1ed9 u\u1ed1n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9: d\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e0i m\u1ed9t m\u00e9t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec3m u\u1ed1n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p, \u0111o chi\u1ec1u cao d\u00e2y cung (mm), l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 u\u1ed1n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u00ednh l\u00e0 mm\/m v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb l\u00e0 2.5mm\/m. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho \u0111\u1ed9 cong c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">B. T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed9 u\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i: d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eaft ch\u1eb7t t\u1eeb hai \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ed1ng, \u0111o chi\u1ec1u cao d\u00e2y cung t\u1ed1i \u0111a (mm) c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u1ea1n u\u1ed1n \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p, sau \u0111\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u1ee7a chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i (t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng m\u00e9t), l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 cong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5: chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p l\u00e0 8m v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u cao cung t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 30 mm, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 u\u1ed1n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0: 0,03\u00f78m\u00d7100%=0,375%<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"San_xuat_ong_thep_han\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 12pt;\"><em><strong>S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p h\u00e0n<\/strong><\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p h\u00e0n, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u1ed1ng h\u00e0n, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p t\u1ea5m ho\u1eb7c th\u00e9p d\u1ea3i sau khi u\u1ed1n v\u00e0 h\u00e0n. Quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p h\u00e0n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cao, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u00edt nh\u01b0ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 chung th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1930, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c th\u00e9p d\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u00e0n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n, ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p h\u00e0n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng, v\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch trong ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c. \u1ed0ng th\u00e9p h\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng h\u00e0n th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng h\u00e0n xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c theo h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1ed1ng h\u00e0n th\u1eb3ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cao, chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng. \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng h\u00e0n xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c th\u01b0\u1eddng cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng h\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng h\u00e0n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ph\u00f4i h\u1eb9p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng h\u00e0n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ph\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng. Nh\u01b0ng so v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng th\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n t\u0103ng 30 ~ 100% v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng h\u00e0n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng h\u00e0n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0n xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p (GB\/T3091-2008) c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u1ed1ng h\u00e0n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u1ed1ng clarinet. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p h\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p n\u00f3i chung kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p d\u00e0y; d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng ren (\u1ed1ng nh\u1eb9) v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p c\u00f3 ren. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i l\u00e0m \u1ed1ng th\u00f4 cho \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p h\u00e0n m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><em><strong>\u261e<\/strong><\/em><\/span>\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p h\u00e0n m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p (GB\/T3091-2008) c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p h\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u1ed1ng tr\u1eafng. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p h\u00e0n m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm nh\u00fang n\u00f3ng (h\u00e0n trong l\u00f2 ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t, d\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p n\u00f3i chung kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm d\u00e0y; d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm kh\u00f4ng ren v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm c\u00f3 ren. Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh danh ngh\u0129a (mm) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh danh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh trong. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng inch, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 1\/2, 3\/4, 1, 2.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><em><strong>\u261e<\/strong><\/em><\/span>\u1ed0ng b\u1ecdc th\u00e9p cacbon th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng (YB\/T5305-2006) l\u00e0 \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng, l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00e1y m\u00f3c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><em><strong>\u261e<\/strong><\/em><\/span>\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p h\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0n th\u1eb3ng (GB\/T13793-2008) l\u00e0 \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0n song song v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac chung, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p h\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 m\u00e9t, \u1ed1ng v\u00e1ch m\u1ecfng h\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><em><strong>\u261e<\/strong><\/em><\/span>\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p h\u00e0n h\u1ed3 quang ch\u00ecm c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t (SY\/T5037-2000) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n th\u00e9p d\u1ea3i c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0n h\u1ed3 quang ch\u00ecm hai m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1p ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. Chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c. \u1ed0ng th\u00e9p c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u00e0n t\u1ed1t, sau nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p l\u1edbn, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i cao v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><em><strong>\u261e<\/strong><\/em><\/span>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p h\u00e0n cao t\u1ea7n xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t (SY\/T5038-2000) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p cu\u1ed9n c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0n ch\u1ed3ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho \u00e1p l\u1ef1c xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng may \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p h\u00e0n t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. \u1ed0ng th\u00e9p c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo t\u1ed1t, thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0n v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng, sau nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p l\u1edbn, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i l\u00e0 cao, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><em><strong>\u261e<\/strong><\/em><\/span>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p h\u00e0n cao t\u1ea7n xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p n\u00f3i chung (SY\/T5039-2000) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y th\u00e9p c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0n ch\u1ed3ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chung v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p \u1ed0ng th\u00e9p h\u00e0n t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><em><strong>\u261e<\/strong><\/em><\/span>\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p h\u00e0n xo\u1eafn l\u00e0m c\u1ecdc (SY\/T5768-2000) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p cu\u1ed9n c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng d\u1ea1ng ph\u00f4i \u1ed1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0n h\u1ed3 quang ch\u00ecm hai m\u1eb7t ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0n cao t\u1ea7n, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac, c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3ng. \u1ed0ng th\u00e9p l\u00e0m c\u1ecdc m\u00f3ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ea7u c\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i th\u00e9p d\u00e0i c\u00f3 ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n r\u1ed7ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i xung quanh. \u1ed0ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n r\u1ed7ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea7u, kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t, n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u r\u1eafn. So v\u1edbi th\u00e9p \u0111\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p tr\u00f2n, th\u00e9p \u1ed1ng li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n khi c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 u\u1ed1n v\u00e0 xo\u1eafn nh\u01b0 nhau, l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u01a1 kh\u00ed. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y khoan d\u1ea7u \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00f4 t\u00f4, gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 xe \u0111\u1ea1p v\u00e0 gi\u00e0n gi\u00e1o th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u00f2ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian x\u1eed l\u00fd, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 v\u00f2ng bi l\u0103n, b\u1ed9 k\u00edch&#8230; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p. \u1ed0ng th\u00e9p c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u0169 kh\u00ed th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 th\u00f9ng&#8230; ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p. \u1ed0ng th\u00e9p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng tr\u00f2n v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t theo h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Do \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n chu vi b\u1eb1ng nhau n\u00ean di\u1ec7n t\u00edch h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n l\u00e0 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, \u1ed1ng tr\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng h\u01a1n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, khi ph\u1ea7n v\u00f2ng ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c xuy\u00ean t\u00e2m b\u00ean trong ho\u1eb7c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, l\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, v\u00ec v\u1eady h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u1ed1ng tr\u00f2n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u1ed1ng tr\u00f2n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n u\u1ed1n ph\u1eb3ng, \u1ed1ng tr\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea1nh b\u1eb1ng \u1ed1ng vu\u00f4ng v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n u\u1ed1n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khung m\u00e1y m\u00f3c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p v\u00e0 g\u1ed7, th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt. Theo c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><em><strong>\u261e<\/strong><\/em><\/span>\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u (GB\/T8162-2008) l\u00e0 \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n d\u00f9ng cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u chung v\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u01a1 kh\u00ed.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><em><strong>\u261e<\/strong><\/em><\/span>\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng (GB\/T12771-2008) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch chung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><em><strong>\u261e<\/strong><\/em><\/span>\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i h\u1ea1 \u00e1p v\u00e0 trung \u00e1p (GB\/T3087-2008) d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn h\u01a1i qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t, \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4i cho n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i h\u1ea1 \u00e1p v\u00e0 trung \u00e1p c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn h\u01a1i qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t, \u1ed1ng kh\u00f3i l\u1edbn, \u1ed1ng kh\u00f3i nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 \u1ed0ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 k\u00e9o ngu\u1ed9i (c\u00e1n) ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao cho \u1ed1ng g\u1ea1ch v\u00f2m.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><em><strong>\u261e<\/strong><\/em><\/span>\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch cho n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao (GB5310-2008) l\u00e0 th\u00e9p carbon ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 cho b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gia nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i \u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc cho \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao tr\u1edf l\u00ean.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><em><strong>\u261e<\/strong><\/em><\/span>\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch cao \u00e1p cho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n (GB6479-2000) l\u00e0 \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u carbon v\u00e0 th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb -40 ~ 400 \u00b0 C v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p su\u1ea5t 10~30Ma.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><em><strong>\u261e<\/strong><\/em><\/span>\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1ee9t d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf (GB9948-2006) l\u00e0 \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho \u1ed1ng l\u00f2, b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng trong nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7u.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><em><strong>\u261e<\/strong><\/em><\/span>\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 khoan \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t (YB235-70) l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 khoan l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t, t\u00f9y theo c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng khoan, c\u1ed5 khoan, \u1ed1ng l\u00f5i, \u1ed1ng v\u1ecf v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng l\u1eafng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><em><strong>\u261e<\/strong><\/em><\/span>\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 khoan l\u00f5i kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng (GB\/T3423-82) l\u00e0 \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch d\u00f9ng cho \u1ed1ng khoan, thanh l\u00f5i v\u00e0 v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 khoan l\u00f5i kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><em><strong>\u261e<\/strong><\/em><\/span>\u1ed0ng khoan d\u1ea7u (YB528-65) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m d\u00e0y b\u00ean trong ho\u1eb7c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a khoan d\u1ea7u. C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p: c\u00f3 ren v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ren, \u1ed1ng ren \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i, \u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng ren \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><em><strong>\u261e<\/strong><\/em><\/span>\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p carbon cho t\u00e0u th\u1ee7y (GB5312-2009) l\u00e0 \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p carbon \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c lo\u1ea1i I, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c lo\u1ea1i II, n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p carbon kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 450 \u00b0 C v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 450 \u00b0 C.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><em><strong>\u261e<\/strong><\/em><\/span>\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch cho v\u1ecf n\u1eeda tr\u1ee5c \u00f4 t\u00f4 (GB3088-82) l\u00e0 \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u carbon ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao v\u00e0 th\u00e9p k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1ecf n\u1eeda tr\u1ee5c \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng tr\u1ee5c v\u1ecf tr\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><em><strong>\u261e<\/strong><\/em><\/span>\u1ed0ng d\u1ea7u cao \u00e1p cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel (GB3093-2002) l\u00e0 \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch k\u00e9o ngu\u1ed9i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1ed1ng cao \u00e1p cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng phun c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><em><strong>\u261e<\/strong><\/em><\/span>\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh trong ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cho xi lanh th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 kh\u00ed n\u00e9n (GB8713-88) l\u00e0 \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o ngu\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh trong ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xi lanh th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 kh\u00ed n\u00e9n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><em><strong>\u261e<\/strong><\/em><\/span>\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c k\u00e9o ngu\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i (GB3639-2000) l\u00e0 \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c k\u00e9o ngu\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc cao v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t d\u00f9ng cho c\u00e1c k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u01a1 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><em><strong>\u261e<\/strong><\/em><\/span>\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u (GB\/T14975-2002) l\u00e0 \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng (\u0111\u00f9n, gi\u00e3n n\u1edf) v\u00e0 k\u00e9o ngu\u1ed9i (c\u00e1n).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><em><strong>\u261e<\/strong><\/em><\/span>\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng (GB \/ T14976-2002) l\u00e0 \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng (\u0111\u00f9n, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng) v\u00e0 k\u00e9o ngu\u1ed9i (c\u00e1n) l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><em><strong>\u261e<\/strong><\/em><\/span>\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef chung \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng tr\u00f2n. Theo h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng nhau (t\u00ean m\u00e3 D), \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c nhau (m\u00e3 -t\u00ean BD) v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh thay \u0111\u1ed5i (t\u00ean m\u00e3 BJ). C\u00e1c \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u01a1 kh\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau. So v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng tr\u00f2n, c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u00f4 \u0111un qu\u00e1n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng u\u1ed1n v\u00e0 xo\u1eafn l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u00e9p.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><em><strong>C\u00f4ng ty TNHH Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf BiNa Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/a> ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim, <span style=\"color: #333333;\"><a style=\"color: #333333;\" href=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/ong-ruot-ga-loi-thep\/\">\u1ed1ng ru\u1ed9t g\u00e0 l\u00f5i th\u00e9p<\/a><\/span> t\u1ea1i H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng, H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng, B\u1eafc Ninh, B\u1eafc Giang, H\u00e0 Nam, Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean, V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac, Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh, Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh. <span style=\"color: #339966;\"><em><strong>BiNa Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/strong><\/em><\/span> \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c kinh doanh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00fd l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y th\u00e9p. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m qua, c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi danh ti\u1ebfng t\u1ed1t, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p, h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho h\u01a1n 1.000 t\u1ea5n quanh n\u0103m v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n cho b\u1ea1n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c \u1ed0ng th\u00e9p Ho\u00e0 Ph\u00e1tPh\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p Ho\u00e0 Ph\u00e1tPh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7uPh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec3u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1iPh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p Ho\u00e0 Ph\u00e1tPh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea7nKi\u1ec3m tra th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n BroadcastPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p h\u00e0nTh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/ong-thep\/\" class=\"more-link\">\u0110\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p Ho\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":4051,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"yoast_head":"\n<title>\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p Ho\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t - C\u00f4ng Ty TNHH Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf BiNa Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p Ho\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t c\u00f3 ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n r\u1ed7ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c chu vi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Theo h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/ong-thep\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p Ho\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t - C\u00f4ng Ty TNHH Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf BiNa Vi\u1ec7t Nam\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p Ho\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t c\u00f3 ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n r\u1ed7ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c chu vi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Theo h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/ong-thep\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"C\u00f4ng Ty TNHH Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf BiNa Vi\u1ec7t Nam\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/dpm360.com\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-09-05T10:37:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ong-thep.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"800\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"40 ph\u00fat\">\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/#organization\",\"name\":\"C\\u00f4ng ty TNHH Qu\\u1ed1c T\\u1ebf BiNa Vi\\u1ec7t Nam\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/dpm360.com\/\"],\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/#logo\",\"inLanguage\":\"vi\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/z2172677196694_533a63b41510da1f478e088d802f6828.jpg\",\"width\":1000,\"height\":500,\"caption\":\"C\\u00f4ng ty TNHH Qu\\u1ed1c T\\u1ebf BiNa Vi\\u1ec7t Nam\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/#logo\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/\",\"name\":\"dpm360.com\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/?s={search_term_string}\",\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"vi\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/ong-thep\/#primaryimage\",\"inLanguage\":\"vi\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ong-thep.jpg\",\"width\":800,\"height\":800,\"caption\":\"\\u1ed0ng th\\u00e9p\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/ong-thep\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/ong-thep\/\",\"name\":\"\\u1ed0ng th\\u00e9p Ho\\u00e0 Ph\\u00e1t - C\\u00f4ng Ty TNHH Qu\\u1ed1c T\\u1ebf BiNa Vi\\u1ec7t Nam\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/ong-thep\/#primaryimage\"},\"datePublished\":\"2022-11-23T03:50:40+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-09-05T10:37:03+00:00\",\"description\":\"\\u1ed0ng th\\u00e9p Ho\\u00e0 Ph\\u00e1t c\\u00f3 ti\\u1ebft di\\u1ec7n r\\u1ed7ng c\\u00f3 chi\\u1ec1u d\\u00e0i l\\u1edbn h\\u01a1n nhi\\u1ec1u so v\\u1edbi \\u0111\\u01b0\\u1eddng k\\u00ednh ho\\u1eb7c chu vi c\\u1ee7a n\\u00f3. Theo h\\u00ecnh d\\u1ea1ng m\\u1eb7t c\\u1eaft ngang, n\\u00f3 \\u0111\\u01b0\\u1ee3c\",\"inLanguage\":\"vi\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/san-pham\/ong-thep\/\"]}]}]}<\/script>\n","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/4049"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4049"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4051"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dpm360.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4049"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}