<\/span><\/h4>\nThi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u1ea1o h\u1ea1t nh\u1ef1a ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb thanh to\u00e1n, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u00e0m th\u1eb3ng, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb gia nhi\u1ec7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u00e0m m\u00e1t, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u00e9o, \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111o, m\u00e1y ki\u1ec3m tra tia l\u1eeda v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb thu gom. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u00e9p \u0111\u00f9n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u00e1y c\u1eaft, m\u00e1y s\u1ea5y, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb in, v.v.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/span>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u00e0m th\u1eb3ng:<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n Lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f9n nh\u1ef1a ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch t\u00e2m, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u u\u1ed1n cong kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a l\u00f5i d\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n quan tr\u1ecdng g\u00e2y ra \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch t\u00e2m c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f9n v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc, v\u1ebft x\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng do l\u00f5i c\u00e1p b\u1ecb u\u1ed1n cong. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u00e9p \u0111\u00f9n kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u1eafn th\u1eb3ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0: lo\u1ea1i con l\u0103n (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m ngang v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i d\u1ecdc); lo\u1ea1i r\u00f2ng r\u1ecdc (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh lo\u1ea1i r\u00f2ng r\u1ecdc \u0111\u01a1n v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m r\u00f2ng r\u1ecdc); lo\u1ea1i t\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 k\u00e9o, n\u1eafn th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1c c\u0103ng; m\u00e1y \u00e9p. lo\u1ea1i b\u00e1nh xe (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh lo\u1ea1i ngang v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i d\u1ecdc), v.v.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/span>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng s\u01a1 b\u1ed9:<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n Gia nhi\u1ec7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00f5i c\u00e1p l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e9p \u0111\u00f9n c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u00e9p \u0111\u00f9n v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t m\u1ecfng, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u1ed7 ch\u00e2n l\u00f4ng, l\u00f5i d\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nung n\u00f3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u00e9p \u0111\u00f9n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f9n v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 l\u00f5i c\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng tr\u00ean v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc do h\u01a1i \u1ea9m (ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1i \u1ea9m xung quanh l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec7m). Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u00e1p su\u1ea5t d\u01b0 b\u00ean trong do nh\u1ef1a b\u1ecb ngu\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e9p \u0111\u00f9n. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e9p \u0111\u00f9n nh\u1ef1a, vi\u1ec7c gia nhi\u1ec7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh khi d\u00e2y l\u1ea1nh \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nh\u1ef1a \u1edf mi\u1ec7ng khu\u00f4n, tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u00e9p \u0111\u00f9n do bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ef1a, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f9n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f9n. B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u00e9p \u0111\u00f9n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb gia nhi\u1ec7t s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 l\u00f5i d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t gia nhi\u1ec7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00f5i d\u00e2y v\u00e0 s\u1ea5y l\u00f5i c\u00e1p cao. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf b\u1edfi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/span>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u00e0m m\u00e1t: <\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\nT\u1ea5m \u1ed1p \u00e9p \u0111\u00f9n nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh ngay sau khi r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m m\u00e1t th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh l\u00e0m m\u00e1t nhanh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t ch\u1eadm t\u00f9y theo nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nhau. L\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh l\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh. L\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh t\u1ea5m \u1ed1p nh\u1ef1a \u00e9p \u0111\u00f9n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c polyme tinh th\u1ec3, do b\u1ecb l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t n\u00ean \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i b\u00ean trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ea5m \u1ed1p \u00e9p \u0111\u00f9n, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. N\u00f3i chung, PVC l\u00e0 l\u1edbp nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh nhanh ch\u00f3ng. L\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i ch\u1eadm l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. N\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho v\u00e0o b\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m m\u00e1t theo t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i d\u1ea7n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e9p \u0111\u00f9n PE v\u00e0 PP, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m m\u00e1t ch\u1eadm, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, qua n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5m v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh. Ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00e0m m\u00e1t.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/span>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n: <\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\nH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u1ea1o h\u1ea1t nh\u1ef1a bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gia nhi\u1ec7t, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111o tham s\u1ed1 quy tr\u00ecnh, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh). Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0: \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 k\u00e9o c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ph\u1ee5, t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cho ph\u00e9p m\u00e1y ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ph\u1ee5 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p; ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a nh\u1ef1a trong m\u00e1y \u0111\u00f9n; th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/span><\/p>\n\u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u00e9p \u0111\u00f9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i th\u00e0nh hai ph\u1ea7n: \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. N\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e9p \u0111\u00f9n bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 quay tr\u1ee5c v\u00edt, l\u00e0m m\u00e1t tr\u1ee5c v\u00edt, l\u00e0m m\u00e1t th\u00f9ng, l\u00e0m m\u00e1t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i, nh\u01b0 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00e9o. S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp d\u00e2y g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u1ef1c c\u0103ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9n tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ea7y tr\u00ean cu\u1ed9n.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/span>\u2488Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u0111\u00f9n.<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/h5>\nVi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f9n nh\u1ef1a c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc d\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00e1p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1ef1a nhi\u1ec7t d\u1ebbo, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ch\u1ea3y nh\u1edbt. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gia nhi\u1ec7t b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i tr\u1ee5c v\u00edt v\u00e0 th\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n n\u00f3 sang nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 \u00e9p \u0111\u00f9n, nhi\u1ec7t sinh ra do ch\u00ednh tr\u1ee5c v\u00edt khi \u00e9p \u0111\u00f9n nh\u1ef1a c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t. Do \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng l\u00f2 s\u01b0\u1edfi. \u0110\u00f3ng v\u00e0 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f9n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ee5c v\u00edt ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n l\u00e0m m\u00e1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0m b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111o, sao cho nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh dao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e9p \u0111\u00f9n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/span>\u2489\u0110\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u00e9p \u0111\u00f9n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y \u0111\u00f9n, b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u00e1p su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u0111\u00f9n c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e9p \u0111\u00f9n. <\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/h5>\nV\u00ec m\u00e1y \u0111\u00f9n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c \u0111o l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y sau khi \u00e9p \u0111\u00f9n tr\u1ee5c v\u00edt th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111o \u00e1p su\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111o t\u1ea3i tr\u1ee5c v\u00edt (ampe k\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c v\u00f4n k\u1ebf) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f9n. Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f9n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng g\u00e2y ra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f9n kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f9n c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f9n, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u00e0m m\u00e1t v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Khi x\u1ea3y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i nhanh ch\u00f3ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf, n\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t d\u1eebng m\u00e1y, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba x\u1ea3y ra tai n\u1ea1n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111o \u00e1p su\u1ea5t, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u00e1p su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u1ef1a trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e9p \u0111\u00f9n. N\u00f3i chung, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u00eda sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/span>\u248aKi\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ee5c v\u00edt<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/h5>\n